scholarly journals Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2900-2916
Author(s):  
Clara S. Jenck ◽  
Whitley R. Lehto ◽  
Brian T. Ketterman ◽  
Lukas F. Sloan ◽  
Aaron N. Sexton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Nuptial Coloration ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence

scholarly journals Drift versus selection as drivers of phenotypic divergence at small spatial scales: The case of Belgjarskógur threespine stickleback

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 8133-8145
Author(s):  
Mathew Seymour ◽  
Katja Räsänen ◽  
Bjarni K. Kristjánsson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence

scholarly journals Extent of QTL Reuse During Repeated Phenotypic Divergence of Sympatric Threespine Stickleback

Genetics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina L. Conte ◽  
Matthew E. Arnegard ◽  
Jacob Best ◽  
Yingguang Frank Chan ◽  
Felicity C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence

scholarly journals Dimensionality and modularity of adaptive variation: Divergence in threespine stickleback from diverse environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant E. Haines ◽  
Louis Moisan ◽  
Alison M. Derry ◽  
Andrew P. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Multiple Phenotype ◽  
Effective Dimensionality ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Trait Covariance

In nature, populations are subjected to a wide variety of environmental conditions that affect fitness and induce adaptive or plastic responses in traits, resulting in phenotypic divergence between populations. The dimensionality of that divergence, however, remains contentious. At the extremes, some contend that populations diverge along a single axis of trait covariance with greatest availability of heritable variation, even if this does not lead a population directly to its fitness optimum. Those at the other extreme argue that selection can push populations towards their fitness optima along multiple phenotype axes simultaneously, resulting in divergence in numerous dimensions. Here, we address this debate using populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the Cook Inlet region of southern Alaska from lakes with contrasting ecological conditions. We calculated effective dimensionality of divergence in several trait suites (defensive, swimming, and trophic) thought to be under correlated selection pressures, as well as across all traits. We also tested for integration among the trait suites and between each trait suite and the environment. We found that populations in the Cook Inlet radiation exhibit dimensionality of phenotype high enough to preclude a single axis of divergence.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence outpaces phenotypic evolution among threespine stickleback populations in old freshwater habitats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Currey ◽  
Susan L Bassham ◽  
William A Cresko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Abstract Species such as threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that inhabit divergent selective environments and that have diversified on different time scales can be of value for understanding evolutionary processes. Here we synthesize high-resolution genotypic and phenotypic data to explore a largely unstudied distribution of threespine stickleback populations living in oceanic and freshwater habitats along coastal and inland regions of Oregon. Many inland aquatic habitats of Oregon remained unglaciated during the last ice age, meaning that some extant Oregon lake and river stickleback may have descended from freshwater populations established long before more well-studied, post-glacial freshwater populations. To address the degree of congruence between genetic and phenotypic divergence, we directly compared Oregon stickleback to much younger (post-glacial) Alaskan populations. We found phenotypic variation in Oregon stickleback to be primarily partitioned between oceanic and freshwater habitats, as has been documented in other stickleback systems. However, the main axis of genetic divergence was between coastal and inland regions regardless of habitat type. Furthermore, when comparing patterns between Oregon and Alaska we found similar levels of phenotypic divergence, but much greater genetic divergence among Oregon’s populations. The Oregon stickleback system therefore appears well suited for future studies linking genotypic and phenotypic change, further extending the utility of this small fish to provide general insights into evolutionary processes.

scholarly journals The relationship between intraspecific assortative mating and reproductive isolation between divergent populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Bolnick ◽  
Mark Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Darwin's Finches ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Darwin’S Finches ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The term ‘assortative mating’ has been applied to describe two very different phenomena: (1) the tendency for individuals to choose phenotypically similar mates from among conspecifics; or (2) the tendency to prefer conspecific over hete-rospecific mates (behavioral reproductive isolation). Both forms of assortative mating are widespread in nature, but the relationship between these behaviors remains unclear. Namely, it is plausible that a preference for phenotypically similar conspecifics incidentally reduces the probability of mating with phenotypically divergent heterospecifics. We present a model to calculate how the level of reproductive isolation depends on intraspecific assortative mating and the phenotypic divergence between species. For empirically reasonable levels of intraspecific assortment on a single trait axis, we show that strong reproductive isolation requires very substantial phenotypic divergence. We illustrate this point by applying our model to empirical data from threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and Darwin’s Finches (Geospiza spp). We conclude that typical levels of intraspecific assortment cannot generally be extrapolated to explain levels of interspecific reproductive isolation. Instead, reproductive isolation between species likely arises from different mate choice behaviors, or multivariate assortative mating.

Male aggression and colour in divergent populations of the threespine stickleback: experiments with animations

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. McKinnon ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Colour Discrimination ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Nuptial Coloration ◽  
Negative Findings

We investigated the evolution of male agonistic behaviour and nuptial coloration in populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, with either monomorphic red or monomorphic black coloration. Specifically, we examined the responses of males from the two population types to computer-generated animations of males with black, red, or dull grey throats on otherwise identically coloured bodies. Males varied greatly in their aggressive responses among individuals and among trials, and did not show statistically significant discrimination towards the differently coloured animations. These results, therefore, do not suggest a role for interactions among males in the evolution of divergent male nuptial coloration. In addition, these negative findings are consistent with other studies of stickleback from western North America, suggesting that geographic variation in agonistic colour discrimination may account, in part, for the discrepancies between the results of earlier studies. Given the diverse methods of studies on this topic, however, methodological differences may also have contributed to the inconsistent results.

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