Late Quaternary vegetation and fire history in the northernmost Nothofagus forest region: Mallín Vaca Lauquen, Neuquén Province, Argentina

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Markgraf ◽  
Cathy Whitlock ◽  
R. Scott Anderson ◽  
Adriana García
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Forest Region

Late Quaternary vegetation, climate, and fire history of the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Plain based on a 30,000-yr multi-proxy record from White Pond, South Carolina, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 861-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa R. Krause ◽  
James M. Russell ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
John W. Williams ◽  
Stephen T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mississippian Culture

AbstractThe patterns and drivers of late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the southeastern United States are poorly understood due to low site density, problematic chronologies, and a paucity of independent paleoclimate proxy records. We present a well-dated (15 accelerator mass spectrometry14C dates) 30,000-yr record from White Pond, South Carolina that consists of high-resolution analyses of fossil pollen, macroscopic charcoal, andSporormiellaspores, and an independent paleotemperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl tetraethers. Between 30,000 and 20,000 cal yr BP, openPinus-Piceaforest grew under cold and dry conditions; elevatedQuercusbefore 26,000 cal yr BP, however, suggest warmer conditions in the Southeast before the last glacial maximum, possibly corresponding to regionally warmer conditions associated with Heinrich event H2. Warming between 19,700 and 10,400 cal yr BP was accompanied by a transition from conifer-dominated to mesic hardwood forest.Sporormiellaspores were not detected and charcoal was low during the late glacial period, suggesting megaherbivore grazers and fire were not locally important agents of vegetation change.Pinusreturned to dominance during the Holocene, with step-like increases inPinusat 10,400 and 6400 cal yr BP, while charcoal abundance increased tenfold, likely due to increased biomass burning associated with warmer conditions. Low-intensity surface fires increased after 1200 cal yr BP, possibly related to the establishment of the Mississippian culture in the Southeast.

The historical range of variability of fires in the Andean - Patagonian Nothofagus forest region

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Veblen ◽  
Thomas Kitzberger ◽  
Estela Raffaele ◽  
Mónica Mermoz ◽  
Mauro E. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Annual Time Scale ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Annual Time ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Key Questions

The present synthesis addresses key questions about several extreme fire events that occurred in the Nothofagus forest region of southern Argentina and Chile in the late 1990s and early 2000s: (1) are there historical precedents for the extent and severity of these recent wildfires? (2) To what extent can large, severe fires be attributed to influences from modern humans, either indirectly through land-use practices or directly through ignition? (3) What are the relationships of these fire events to interannual climatic variability and trends? (4) What are the medium-term ecological consequences of these fire events, particularly in terms of the resiliency of the burned ecosystems? Historic fire regimes vary greatly across the different ecosystem types in the southern Andean region, and the tree-ring record shows that before the 20th century, large severe fires also played a significant ecological role in shaping even the wettest forests. Recent severe droughts at an annual time scale have been facilitated by a trend towards higher temperatures since the mid-1970s. In large parts of the region, the risk of wildfire ignition and spread has been exacerbated by increases in lightning associated with higher temperatures, increased ignitions associated with exurban development, and conversion of less flammable native vegetation to more flammable plantations of exotic conifers.

Modern Pollen-Rain Characteristics of Tall Terra Firme Moist Evergreen Forest, Southern Amazonia

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Gosling ◽  
Francis E. Mayle ◽  
Nicholas J. Tate ◽  
Timothy J. Killeen
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Rain Data

AbstractThe paucity of modern pollen-rain data from Amazonia constitutes a significant barrier to understanding the Late Quaternary vegetation history of this globally important tropical forest region. Here, we present the first modern pollen-rain data for tall terra firme moist evergreen Amazon forest, collected between 1999 and 2001 from artificial pollen traps within a 500 × 20 m permanent study plot (14°34′50″S, 60°49′48″W) in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park (NE Bolivia). Spearman's rank correlations were performed to assess the extent of spatial and inter-annual variability in the pollen rain, whilst statistically distinctive taxa were identified using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Comparisons with the floristic and basal area data of the plot (stems ≥10 cm d.b.h.) enabled the degree to which taxa are over/under-represented in the pollen rain to be assessed (using R-rel values). Moraceae/Urticaceae dominates the pollen rain (64% median abundance) and is also an important constituent of the vegetation, accounting for 16% of stems ≥10 cm d.b.h. and ca. 11% of the total basal area. Other important pollen taxa are Arecaceae (cf. Euterpe), Melastomataceae/Combretaceae, Cecropia, Didymopanax, Celtis, and Alchornea. However, 75% of stems and 67% of the total basal area of the plot ≥10 cm d.b.h. belong to species which are unidentified in the pollen rain, the most important of which are Phenakospermum guianensis (a banana-like herb) and the key canopy-emergent trees, Erisma uncinatum and Qualea paraensis.

scholarly journals Long-term environmental change in eastern Tasmania: Vegetation, climate and fire at Stoney Lagoon

The Holocene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1340-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope J Jones ◽  
Ian Thomas ◽  
Michael-Shawn Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Hydroclimatic Variability ◽  
A Site

Tasmania’s dry, inland east is ideally positioned to inform models of late Quaternary environmental change in southern Australasia. Despite this, it remains poorly represented in the palaeoecological record. Here, we seek to address this with a >13,000-year vegetation and fire history from Stoney Lagoon, a site at the eastern margin of Tasmania’s inland Midlands plains. Pollen and charcoal analysis indicates that here, a relatively moist early deglacial was followed by a dry later deglacial (ca. 14,000–12,000 cal. BP), when sclerophyll forests became well established and burning increased. This suggests that the Midlands’ vegetation responded to the climatic signals characterising Australia’s south-eastern coast rather than those governing developments in western Tasmania. Dry sclerophyll forest persisted throughout the Holocene; with a pronounced transition from more to less grassy understoreys between ca. 9000 and 7000 cal. BP. From the mid-Holocene, the sclerophyll community remains relatively stable. However, increased fire activity and trends in moisture-sensitive taxa suggest generally drier conditions coupled with greater hydroclimatic variability under the strengthening influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Overall, these results highlight the role of macro-scale climatic shifts in shaping vegetation development in Tasmania’s inland east, while hinting at the concurrent importance of local ecological drivers. This highlights the need for spatially diverse studies to understand interactions between drivers of long-term environmental change in sub-humid southern Australia. This research also supports conservation by strengthening understandings of pre-colonial baselines in this highly modified landscape.

A vegetation and fire history in a subalpine woodland and rain-forest region, Solomons Jewel Lake, Tasmania

The Holocene ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Forest Region

Tropical Rain Forest and Climate Dynamics of the Atlantic Lowland, Southern Brazil, during the Late Quaternary

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Behling ◽  
Raquel R. B. Negrelle
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Climate Dynamics ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractPalynological analysis of a core from the Atlantic rain forest region in Brazil provides unprecedented insight into late Quaternary vegetational and climate dynamics within this southern tropical lowland. The 576-cm-long sediment core is from a former beach-ridge “valley,” located 3 km inland from the Atlantic Ocean. Radio-carbon dates suggest that sediment deposition began prior to 35,000 14C yr B.P. Between ca. 37,500 and ca. 27,500 14C yr B.P. and during the last glacial maximum (LGM; ca. 27,500 to ca. 14,500 14C yr B.P.), the coastal rain forest was replaced by grassland and patches of cold-adapted forest. Tropical trees, such as Alchornea, Moraceae/Urticaceae, and Arecaceae, were almost completely absent during the LGM. Furthermore, their distributions were shifted at least 750 km further north, suggesting a cooling between 3°C and 7°C and a strengthening of Antarctic cold fronts during full-glacial times. A depauperate tropical rain forest developed as part of a successional sequence after ca. 12,300 14C yr B.P. There is no evidence that Araucaria trees occurred in the Atlantic lowland during glacial times. The rain forest was disturbed by marine incursions during the early Holocene period until ca. 6100 14C yr B.P., as indicated by the presence of microforaminifera. A closed Atlantic rain forest then developed at the study site.

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