Predictive Utility of the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale in Inter‐Arytenoid Injection Augmentation

Objective: Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine have identified many genome-wide loci. We examined the predictive utility of drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol and nicotine use from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied between consumption versus pathological use. Methods: Latent growth curve models with structured residuals were used to assess the predictive utility of drinks per week and regular smoking PGS for measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use from age 14 to 34. PGSs were generated from the largest discovery sample for alcohol and nicotine use to date (i.e., GSCAN), and examined for associations with alcohol and nicotine use in the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N=3225).Results: The drinking PGS was a significant predictor of age 14 problematic alcohol use and increases in problematic use during young adulthood. The smoking PGS was a significant predictor for all nicotine use outcomes. After adjusting for the effects of both PGSs, the smoking PGS demonstrated incremental predictive utility for most alcohol use outcomes and remained a significant predictor of nicotine use trajectories. Conclusions: Higher PGS for drinking and smoking were associated with more problematic levels of substance use longitudinally. The smoking PGS seems to capture both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and may index genetic risk for broader externalizing behavior. Validation of PGS within longitudinal designs may have important clinical implications should future studies support the clinical utility of PGS for substance use disorders.

Download Full-text

Profiles of Psychosocial and Clinical Functioning in Adolescence and Risk for Later Depression

10.31234/osf.io/umc2x ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas M Olino ◽

Daniel Klein ◽

John Seeley

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Self Report ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Regression Methods ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

Background: Most studies examining predictors of onset of depression focus on variable centered regression methods that focus on effects of multiple predictors. In contrast, person-centered approaches develop profiles of factors and these profiles can be examined as predictors of onset. Here, we developed profiles of adolescent psychosocial and clinical functioning among adolescents without a history of major depression. Methods: Data come from a subsample of participants from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed self-report measures of functioning in adolescence and completed diagnostic and self-report measures at follow-up assessments up to approximately 15 years after baseline. Results: We identified four profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning: Thriving; Average Functioning; Externalizing Vulnerability and Family Stress; and Internalizing Vulnerability at the baseline assessment of participants without a history of depression at the initial assessment in mid- adolescence. Classes differed in the likelihood of onset and course of depressive disorders, experience of later anxiety and substance use disorders, and psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Moreover, the predictive utility of these classes was maintained when controlling for multiple other established risk factors for depressive disorders. Conclusions: This work highlights the utility of examining multiple factors simultaneously to understand risk for depression.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Novel Prostate Cancer Biomarkers and their Predictive Utility in an Active Surveillance Protocol

10.21236/ada566564 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Adam S. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Cancer Biomarkers ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Surveillance Protocol

Download Full-text

Analysis of Novel Prostate Cancer Biomarkers and their Predictive Utility in an Active Surveillance Protocol

10.21236/ada608249 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Adam S. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Cancer Biomarkers ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Surveillance Protocol

Download Full-text

Mixed Consistencies in Dysphagic Patients: A Myth to Dispel

Dysphagia ◽

10.1007/s00455-021-10255-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mozzanica Francesco ◽

Pizzorni Nicole ◽

Scarponi Letizia ◽

Bazzotti Claudia ◽

Ginocchio Daniela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Pyriform Sinus ◽

Endoscopic Evaluation ◽

Pharyngeal Residue ◽

Food Residue ◽

Severity Rating ◽

Vegetable Soup ◽

Laryngeal Vestibule ◽

Dysphagic Patients ◽

Penetration Aspiration Scale

AbstractOnly limited and inconsistent information about the effect of mixed consistencies on swallowing are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the location of the head of the bolus at the swallow onset, the risk of penetration/aspiration, and the severity of post-swallow pharyngeal residue in patients with dysphagia when consuming mixed consistencies. 20 dysphagic patients underwent a Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) testing five different textures: liquid, semisolid, solid, biscuits-with-milk and vegetable-soup. The location of the head of the bolus at the onset of swallowing was rated using a five-points scale ranging from zero (the bolus is behind the tongue) to four (the bolus falls into the laryngeal vestibule), the severity of penetration/aspiration was rated using the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), the amount of pharyngeal residue after the swallow was rated using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS) in the vallecula and pyriform sinus. When consuming biscuits-with-milk and liquid the swallow onset occurred more often when the boluses were located in the laryngeal vestibule. Penetration was more frequent with biscuits-with-milk, while aspiration was more frequent with Liquid, followed by biscuits-with-milk and vegetable-soup, Semisolid and Solid. In particular, no differences in penetration and aspiration between liquids and biscuits-with-milk were found as well as among vegetable-soup, semisolid and solid. No significant differences in the amount of food residue after swallowing were demonstrated. The risk of penetration-aspiration for biscuits-with-milk and liquid is similar, while the risk of penetration-aspiration is lower for vegetable-soup than for liquid.

Download Full-text

Why Some Students Adjust Easily While Others Can Not? Stress and Adjustment to University: Personality as Moderator

Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice ◽

10.1177/15210251211002179 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152102512110021

Author(s):

Ayşe I. Kural ◽

Berrin Özyurt

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Big Five ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Negative Valence ◽

Big Five Model ◽

University Adjustment ◽

Moderating Role

Research has demonstrated consistently that personality and perceived stress, independently, are essential factors for university adjustment among university freshmen; however, little is known about the associations between personality, perceived stress, and adjustment together. Our primary goal was to explore the predictive utility of perceived stress for explaining university adjustment among university freshmen ( N = 290). We also tested the moderating role of personality traits and this research was embedded within a Big Five model of personality including the sixth trait for Turkish context, ‘Negative Valence’. Results addressed that only conscientiousness and negative valence moderated the perceived stress and adjustment association. Students high on negative valence and/or conscientiousness tended to experience the detrimental effect of perceived stress on university adjustment more due to their personality. These results suggested that personality might be an important factor to include in adjustment fostering interventions for freshmen at universities.

Download Full-text