ORIENTASI TAFSIR AL-FURQÂN TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN KARYA AHMAD HASSAN

This Article discusses the orientation of the interpretation of Al-Furqân by Ahmad Hassan. The purpose of this paper is to find out the socio-intellectual contect behind the birth of the work of Al-Furqân interpretation and to find out the orientatios in the interpretation. The method used in writing this article is a qualitative method based on library research studies and the main object is the interpretation of Al-Furqân. The results obtained are that the context in which the interpretation of Al-Furqân was written was due to the socio-intellectual conditions of the people at the time Ahmad Hassan lived at the beginning of the 20th century in general they still adhere to conservative beliefs and the study of interpretation is still centered on several interpretations. So that the birth of this Al-Furqân interpretation is a reflection of Ahmad Hassan’s spirit of renewal and the renewal movement promoted by him. Than the orientation of the interpretation of Al-Furqân from its vaious aspects is obtainned that the orientation of Ahmad Hassan’s trust is Ahlu Sunah wal Jama’ah; in the terms of the orientation of the madzhab Ahmad Hassan not only to one madzhab; the orientation of the pattern that dominates the interpretation is the language pattern; the orientasi of the general method used is the global method; and the finally, orientation of the sources used dominantly is the interpretation of bi ar-ra’yi.

Different Strokes for Different Folks? Examining a New Measure for Age-Relative Sexual Attitudes

Recent research suggests increasingly permissive attitudes towards sexual activity in later life. Harboring more conservative beliefs especially as one reaches older age, however, may translate into how one views and navigates sexual health changes. A sample of participants (N = 706; Mage = 52.72 years, SD = 9.57, range = 36-79; 60.8% male) was recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete a survey on sexual beliefs about age and aging. Participants completed two versions of the Relative Sexual Attitudes Scale (RASA), wherein they were prompted to consider either “someone their own age” or “an older person” in response to items assessing sexual attitudes. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the original five-factor structure, reduce the total items from 31 to 25, and establish measurement equivalence for the 36-54 year-old and 55+ year-old samples. Through a series of profile analyses investigating each subscale, scores did not significantly differ between the two prompts, although significant age-group differences were found with the 36-54 year-old age group reporting more open attitudes than the 55+ year-old age group across all subscales, except the traditional mores subscale. Sexual attitude subscale scores also differed by gender, engagement in partnered sexual activity, and whether one had spoken to a health professional about their sexual health in the past year. The findings support use of the RASA for adults 36 and older and highlight applications to understanding differences in sexual health into later life.

Political Orientation as Psychological Defense or Basic Disposition? A Social Neuroscience Examination

Psychological views on political orientation generally agree that conservatism is associated with negativity bias but disagree on the form of that association. Some view conservatism as a psychological defense that insulates from negative stimuli and events. Others view conservatism as a consequence of increased dispositional sensitivity to negative stimuli and events. Further complicating matters, research shows that conservatives are sometimes more and sometimes less sensitive to negative stimuli and events. The current research integrates these opposing views and results. We reasoned that conservatives should typically be less sensitive to negative stimuli if conservative beliefs act as a psychological defense. However, when core components of conservative beliefs are threatened, the psychological defense may fall, and conservatives may show heightened sensitivity to negative stimuli. In two ERP studies, participants were randomly assigned to either an ostensibly real economic threat or a nonthreatening control condition. To measure reactivity to negative stimuli, we indexed the P3 component to aversive white noise bursts in an auditory oddball paradigm. In both studies, the relationship between increased conservatism and P3 mean amplitude was negative in the control condition but positive in threat condition (this relationship was stronger in Study 2). In Study 2, source localization of the P3 component revealed that, after threat, conservatism was associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, regions associated with conflict-related processes. These results demonstrate that the link between conservatism and negativity bias is context-dependent, i.e., dependent on threat experiences.

Evelyn Waugh’s War Novels in Francoist Spain

Evelyn Waugh’s experiences as captain in the Second World War represented the raw material for several novels, such as Put out More Flags (1942), Men at Arms (1952) and Brideshead Revisited (1945). These novels depict, on the one hand, the experiences of once immature bright young people who are now confronting the war reality, and, on the other, they satirize the military bureaucracy and portray the nostalgia for the conservative age of Catholic English nobility, which disappeared during the war. It could be assumed that these three novels might have been well received in Franco’s Spain as the Catholic theme as well as Waugh’s right-wing conservative beliefs could have influenced the censors’ approval or disapproval. Thus, the present paper will analyse the reception in Spain of Put out More Flags, Men at Arms and Brideshead Revisited considering the reports enclosed in the censorship files guarded at AGA (General Archive of the Administration) in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. These documents reveal that Waugh’s novels were not easily approved by the Spanish censors during the Francoist dictatorship.

The springs of didactogeny. the inadequate chacacter of the teacher

Didactogenies, as they appear daily – as states that exert unwanted effects on students (psychologically, medically and / or pedagogically) – are directly related to those fundamental moral qualities of the teacher that form its inadequacy. It has been found that teachers who have conservative beliefs, anti-democratic ideas and feelings, are rigid and resistant to change or have a tendency to avoid dialogue, are less concerned with understanding how students perceive the learning situation and solve in an appropriate manner various school problems. Such a teacher can only be disliked and rejected in his attempt to collaborate with students. We can say, therefore, that the educational process can be productive only if the teacher applies in practice character traits compatible with the basic requirements of this process. School success cannot be registered where the teacher shows egocentrism, cowardice, hypocrisy, indifference, unjustified pride, emotional instability, insufficient self-control, injustice in appreciation and / or hatred towards work. Such a teacher has chosen the wrong job and must leave it voluntarily or be determined to do so.

Germenii stimulativi ai didactogeniei. Caracterul inadecvat al profesorului

Didactogenies, as they appear daily - as states that exert unwanted effects on students (psychologically, medically and / or pedagogically) - are directly related to those fundamental moral qualities of the teacher that form its inadequacy. It has been found that teachers who have conservative beliefs, anti-democratic ideas and feelings, are rigid and resistant to change or have a tendency to avoid dialogue, are less concerned with understanding how students perceive the learning situation and solve in an appropriate manner various school problems. Such a teacher can only be disliked and rejected in his attempt to collaborate with students. We can say, therefore, that the educational process can be productive only if the teacher applies in practice character traits compatible with the basic requirements of this process. School success cannot be registered where the teacher shows egocentrism, cowardice, hypocrisy, indifference, unjustified pride, emotional instability, insufficient self-control, injustice in appreciation and / or hatred towards work. Such a teacher has chosen the wrong job and must leave it voluntarily or be determined to do so.

Radical Thoughts: Fears About and Supportin ISIS Among Jordanian College Students

Regardless of the sizable number of terrorist attacks in the last decade in Jordan, Jordanians’ fear of the terrorists or risk of dying in a terrorist attack in Jordan is almost non-existent. What drives the young educated student to sympathize and support terrorist groups like ISIS? Sympathy and support for terrorist groups like ISIS among youths in Jordan can be understood by tracing its roots of the micro (personal factors), meso (institutional factors), and macro-level (social, cultural factors). Youths’ sympathy and support for ISIS are based on religious beliefs, social taboos, kinship, and social ties. The current study aims at examining radical, conservative, and extremist thoughts, fear about, and behavioral and material support for ISIS among college students in Jordan. Findings showed that, on average, 59% of students expressed radical thoughts, concentrated on areas of social and religiously conservative and extremist beliefs. Moreover, results showed that 66% of students carried extreme ideas, with 90.7% accepting the use of violence. More than half (61%) of the sample expressed conservative thoughts ranged from stoning adultery cases (82.4%) to segregation of women in the workplace (59.4.%). Findings showed less than half of the sample, 43.4% feared that they might become victims of ISIS one day, and 69.4% of students worried about the emergence of radical groups in Jordan. Also, findings showed that about 10% of students expressed behavioral or/and material support for ISIS ranging from money donation (11.7%) to providing personal and operational assistance (8%). Students’ overall average justification for ISIS’s support was 14%, and 15.6% of students justified their behavioral and material support for ISIS due to foreign assistance for Muslim authoritarian regimes. The lowest justification was for seeing ISIS as a defender of Islam. Finally, there was a significant relationship between radical thoughts and each of the support justifications (r = .254), strain (0.32), fear (0.46), religiosity (0.78), and ISIS support (r = .297). Additionally, there is a significant relationship between ISIS’s support and ISIS’s support justification (r = .72). Radical thoughts, violent extremism beliefs, conservative beliefs, stress, victimization, and justification explained 56% of the variance on behavioral and material support for ISIS and had an overall significant effect on behavioral and material support for ISIS (F = 85.936, α = .000).

Factors influencing mental health among American youth in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic

Objective:The article aims to show the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of American youth. It also aims to identify factors that have an impact on the mental health maintenance of young Americans. The conducted analyses are an attempt at explaining the influence of high psycho-social stress on the mental health of young people. Methods:Secondary data from representative research conducted among the inhabitants of the United States of America on the sample of 10,139 respondents has been used in the analysis. Data is derived from the Pew Research Center, American Trends Panel. Results:The data analysis indicates that among all the age categories the highest levels of mental discomfort have been observed among the youngest Americans aged 18-29. The majority of respondents experienced anxiety and depression. The results of analyses of the youngest respondents (sample n=1083) have shown that there are a few factors which have impact on mental health of the young generation. Males, people living in relationships, practising religion more often, having a better financial situation, conservative beliefs and being devoid of citizenship had a better mental condition. Owned social, economic and cultural resources protect young Americans against the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusions:The conducted research confirms the hypothesis that younger generations cope with the Covid-19 pandemic and related difficulties the worst. Due to the conducted analyses, the variables responsible for the deterioration of mental health in younger generations may be indicated.

Psychosocial effects of the Covid-19 pandemic among American youth

The article aims to show the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of American youth. Secondary data from representative research conducted among the inhabitants of the United States of America on the sample of 10,139 respondents were used in the analysis. Data are derived from the Pew Research Center, American Trends Panel. The data analysis indicates that among all the age categories, the highest levels of mental discomfort have been observed among the youngest Americans aged 18-29. The majority of respondents experienced anxiety and depression. The results of analyses of the youngest respondents (sample n=1083) have shown that there are a few factors that have an impact on the mental health of the young generation. Males, people living in relationships, practising religion more often, having a better financial situation, conservative beliefs and being devoid of citizenship had a better mental condition. The observed social, economic and cultural resources protect young Americans against the Covid-19 pandemic.

Some Psychological Barriers of Broad Union Support

Many societies are grappling with how to reduce high levels of economic inequality. Although often overlooked, labor unions can have significant flattening effects on inequality. However, unions are not highly supported by the general public. To provide some psychological explanation as to why this may be the case, we examined five potential predictors of union support (i.e., political orientation, prejudice toward union members, meritocratic beliefs, union knowledge and social mobility beliefs). We tested each variable at least twice across three studies (two in the U.S.A., one in Canada, total N = 1776). Results indicated that stronger politically conservative beliefs, prejudice towards union members and less accurate knowledge of union activities uniquely explained lower union support across studies. Meritocratic and social mobility beliefs did not meaningfully explain union attitudes. Although mostly correlational, this research provides insight into potential reasons why everyday citizens may support or condemn unions in an increasingly unequal world. Implications for altering union attitudes and support for related policies are discussed.