Effects on blood pressure of caffeic acid analogues isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in rats with adenine-induced renal hypertension

ABSTRACT The anti-thyroid drugs, thiouracil, propylthiouracil, and methimazole, prevented both development of elevated blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy usually accompanying kidney encapsulation with latex envelopes. These drugs also reduced elevated blood pressure of rats with hypertension of 13 to 40 weeks' duration prior to drug administration. Addition of desiccated thyroid powder to diet containing an anti-thyroid drug overcame the anti-hypertensive effect of the latter. Withdrawal of thyroid powder only was followed by return of blood pressure to previous low level within 3 weeks. The results suggest that the anti-hypertensive effect of these drugs is related directly to the hypothyroidism produced rather than to extrathyroidal effects of the drugs. Comparison of potencies of the 3 drugs in terms of anti-hypertensive effect, inhibition of growth rate, increase in testicular size, and increase in thyroid size suggests that propylthiouracil and methimazole are equally potent per unit weight of drug. Thiouracil has approximately half the potency of the other two.

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Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Maintenance of Cerebral and Renal Hypertension

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.188.2.371 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 188 (2) ◽

pp. 371-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sol Rothman ◽

Douglas R. Drury

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

The Other ◽

Peripheral Vasculature ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses to various drugs were investigated in renal hypertensive, cerebral hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. Hexamethonium bromide and Dibenamine reduced the blood pressures of renal and cerebral hypertensives. Effects in the normal were insignificant. The cerebral hypertensive's blood pressure was slightly affected by benzodioxane. Blood pressure was not reduced at all in the other groups. Blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rabbit was greatly reduced by Veriloid and dihydroergocornine. Blood pressures of cerebral and normal animals were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that maintenance of hypertension in the cerebral hypertensive rabbit depends on an overactive sympathetic nervous system, possibly due to the release of medullary pressor centers from inhibitory impulses originating in higher centers; whereas, the maintenance of hypertension in the renal hypertensive rabbit may be attributed to an increased reactivity of the peripheral vasculature to a normal sympathetic tone.

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Effect of ramipril on ambulatory blood pressure and albuminuria in renal hypertension

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s004670000422 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (1-2) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. Soergel ◽

M. Verho ◽

E. W�hl ◽

J. Gellermann ◽

K. Sch�rer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Hypertension

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Renal hypertension and cardiovascular disorder in children with chronic kidney disease

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1402113p ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (1-2) ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amira Peco-Antic ◽

Dusan Paripovic

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Masked Hypertension ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement

Renal hypertension is one of the earliest and the most prevalent complications of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among renal patients, hypertension is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. For casual blood pressure measurement, the best method is auscultatory, while for ambulatory blood pressure measurement, oscillometric method is the most commonly used. Both casual and ambulatory blood pressure measurement provide more powerful means of diagnosing hypertension. Masked hypertension is a condition in which casual blood pressure is normal but ambulatory blood pressure is elevated. The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is higher with masked hypertension as compared to the controls. Children and adolescents with CKD are at high risk of cardiovascular disease that has been established as the leading cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy remains the most thoroughly documented form of end-organ damage caused by hypertension in children and adolescents with CKD. Based on clear evidence on the correlation between blood pressure and cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and renal function, renal hypertension must be aggressively treated. Target blood pressure for patients with renal hypertension should be at low normal values: <75 percentile for patients without proteinuria and <50 percentile for patients with proteinuria. Renin-angiotensin system antagonists are considered the first choice pharmacological option in hypertensive CKD 2-4 patients while the management of volume overload is the most important in dialysis patients. Successful transplantation can eliminate or significantly improve uremia-related cardiovascular risk factors and increase predicted life expectancy.

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Glomerular dynamics and salt balance in pregnant rats with renal hypertension

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1989.256.4.f728 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 256 (4) ◽

pp. F728-F734 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Dal Canton ◽

M. Altomonte ◽

G. Conte ◽

C. Esposito ◽

G. Fuiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Marked Rise ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

Single Nephron ◽

Renal Micropuncture ◽

Glomerular Hemodynamics ◽

Goldblatt Hypertension

These studies were aimed at investigating whether chronic hypertension in pregnancy causes changes both in salt excretion (NaE) and in glomerular hemodynamics. Metabolic and renal micropuncture studies were performed in pregnant (P) and Virgin (V) Munich-Wistar rats with normal blood pressure (N) and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension (H). Mean NaE was higher in PN than VN (2.7 vs. 1.7 meq/day, P less than 0.01). Hypertension raised NaE both in P and V rats: in P and V rats with "benign" hypertension (blood pressure less than 180 mmHg) NaE averaged 3.2 and 2.6 meq/day, respectively (P less than 0.05); mean NaE was 5.9 and 3.8 meq/day, respectively (P less than 0.01), in P and V rats with "malignant" hypertension (blood pressure greater than or equal to 180 mmHg). Afferent arteriole resistance (Ra) averaged 1.73 and 3.50 10 dyn.s-1.cm5 in PN and VN, respectively (P less than 0.01). Hypertension raised Ra in V, but not in P rats (4.47 vs. 2.14 10 dyn.s-1.cm5, P less than 0.01). Thus glomerular plasma flow, glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate were markedly higher in PH than VH rats: in PH rats single-nephron filtration fraction was significantly lower than in VH. These results show that in PH rats a marked rise in NaE is associated with glomerular vasodilation.

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Renin content and excretory function of the kidney in rats with experimental hypertension

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.4.795 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 202 (4) ◽

pp. 795-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H. Brunner ◽

P. A. Desaulles ◽

D. Regoli ◽

F. Gross

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Experimental Hypertension ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Excretory Function ◽

Contralateral Kidney ◽

Ligation Of The Ureter ◽

Renin Content

To determine relationship between kidney renin content and excretory function, rats with renal hypertension induced by unilateral clamping of the renal artery were given an oral load of 3 ml of 0.9% saline/100 g body wt. Excretion of the saline load was accelerated in rats with renal hypertension as well as in animals with hypertension due to overdosage with cortexone and salt, provided that the loading experiment was made 3–4 weeks after hypertension was established, but not when animals had been hypertensive for 11–14 weeks. Renin concentration was markedly reduced in the unclamped kidney and also in the kidney of the rats overdosed with cortexone and salt. Excreting capacity of the clamped kidney was compared with that of the unclamped kidney, after removal or after functional elimination of the contralateral kidney, by ligation of the ureter, 3, 24, and 48 hr after the operation. In all experiments excretion of saline load by the unclamped kidney was more rapid than by the clamped kidney, but the highest values were reached in the presence of a functional clamped kidney. Only in rats with elevated blood pressure was the load more rapidly excreted than in normal rats, but hypertension alone cannot be the only factor responsible, the excretion not being accelerated in unilaterally nephrectomized hypertensive rats. Although these hint at a connection between the renin concentration and renal function the nature of this relationship remains uncertain.

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