Visual CRO display of pulse height distribution including discriminator setting for a single channel X-ray analyser

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-198
Author(s):  
S. E. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
X Ray

Energy-dependent dead-time correction in digital pulse processors applied to silicon drift detector's X-ray spectra

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen F. Barros ◽  
Vito R. Vanin ◽  
Alexandre A. Malafronte ◽  
Nora L. Maidana ◽  
Marcos N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
Dead Time Correction ◽  
Time Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Analytical Correction ◽  
Energy Dependent

Dead-time effects in X-ray spectra taken with a digital pulse processor and a silicon drift detector were investigated when the number of events at the low-energy end of the spectrum was more than half of the total, at counting rates up to 56 kHz. It was found that dead-time losses in the spectra are energy dependent and an analytical correction for this effect, which takes into account pulse pile-up, is proposed. This and the usual models have been applied to experimental measurements, evaluating the dead-time fraction either from the calculations or using the value given by the detector acquisition system. The energy-dependent dead-time model proposed fits accurately the experimental energy spectra in the range of counting rates explored in this work. A selection chart of the simplest mathematical model able to correct the pulse-height distribution according to counting rate and energy spectrum characteristics is included.

A Universal Detector for the X-Ray Spectrograph

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kiley
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Universal Detector ◽  
Detector Arrangement

AbstractA detector arrangement has been developed which will give nearly 100% efficiency over the entire range of wavelengths normally used in X-ray spectroscopy, including radiation from Mg Kα. A description of this counter is given and data obtained on pulse height distribution and pulse amplitudes will be discussed. Results obtained with typical specimens will be shown.

Evaluation of the Energy Dispersive Detector as a Detector-Filter System for the X-Ray Diffractometer

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 322-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis Carpenter ◽  
John Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Scintillation Detector ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Analyzer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Pulse

AbstractA comparison of the relative merits of the energy dispersive derector-pulse height analyzer, scintillation detector-graphite monochromator, and proportional detector-pulse height analyzer combinations.Typical energy dispersive detectors are not configured for maximum efficiency on the diffractometer. Being only on the order of 3 mm diameter, a good deal of the available information is not collected by the detector. This is especially true with the Wide optics found in modern diffractometers. The energy dispersive detector incorporated into this system is optimized for the x-ray diffractometer. Its detection area is a 1.25 X 0.25 inch rectangle. The resolution is only sufficient to remove the Kβ portion of the spectrum.Conventional diffractometer techniques incorporate either a scintillation detector-crystal monochromator, or a proportional detector-pulse height analyser combination. The question posed is “what are the advantages in signal to noise ratio and pulse height distribution of the energy dispersive-pulse height analyzer over the more conventional arrangements.”

Development of the Detector Response Function Approach for the Library Least-Squares Analysis of Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectra

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wielopolski ◽  
R. P. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
X Ray

A procedure to obtain analytical models for the elemental X-ray pulse-height distribution libraries necessary in the library least-squares analysis of energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectra is outlined. This is accomplished by first obtaining the response function of Si(Li) detectors for incident photons in the energy range of interest. Subsequently this response function is used to generate the desired elemental library standards for use in the least-squares analysis of spectra, or it can be used directly within a least-squares computer program, thus eliminating the large amount of computer storage required for the standards.

THE RESOLUTION CORRECTION IN THE SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY OF CONTINUOUS X RAYS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1624-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Dixon ◽  
J. H. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Matrix Inversion ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Smooth Solutions ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution

The problem of making resolution corrections in the scintillation spectrometry of continuous X rays is discussed. Analytical solutions are given to the integral equation which describes the effect of the statistical spread in pulse height. The practical necessity of making some kind of numerical analysis is pointed out. Difficulties with numerical methods arise from the fact that the observed pulse-height distribution cannot be defined precisely. As a result it is possible in practice only to find smooth "solutions". Additional difficulties arise if the numerical method is based on an invalid analytical procedure. For example matrix inversion is of doubtful value in making the resolution correction because there does not appear to be an inverse kernel for the integral equation in question.

Pulse height distribution of signals produced by exposing a thin GEM chamber to beta rays from an Sr-90 source

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1287
Author(s):  
B. J. Ahn ◽  
Y. J. Ha ◽  
C. H. Hahn ◽  
S. T. Park ◽  
C-Y Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution

Applications of a Portable Radioisotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer to Analysis of Minerals and Alloys*

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Rhodes ◽  
T. Furuta
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Finite Samples ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Sulfur In Coal

AbstractA portable, battery-operated X-ray fluorescence analyzer weighing 15 lb is described, consisting of a Nal(Tl) scintillation-counter probe and an electronic unit with a single-channel pulse-height analyzer and reversible scaler. Radioisotope X-ray sources are used for excitation of the sample and, where necessary, balanced filters for resolution of neighboring characteristic X-rays. Emphasis has been placed on designing and producing an instrument that is easy and convenient to operate in laboratory, factory, or field conditions and that can equally well be used to measure extended surfaces, such as rock faces, or finite samples in the form of powders, briquettes, or liquids. The feasibility of the following analyses has been studied by using for each determination the appropriate radioisotope source and filters: sulfur in coal; calcium and iron in cement raw mix; copper in copper ores; and vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten in steels. Detection limits, based on counting statistics obtained in count times of 10 to 100 sec, range from 0.03% for copper in ores to 0.2% for sulfur in coal. Both matrix absorption and enhancement effects were encountered and were eliminated or reduced substantially by suitable choice of source energy, by the use of nomograms, or by semiempirical correction factors based on attenuation or scattering coefficients.

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