Cytological and Biochemical Studies on Chromaffin Cells in the Head Kidney of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina P. Gallo ◽  
Annalena Civinini ◽  
Lucia Mastrolia ◽  
Gerhard Leitner ◽  
Sepp Porta
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Biochemical Studies

scholarly journals Cyclical Changes in Interrenal and Chromaffin Cells in Relation to Testicular Activity of Olive Barb, Puntius Sarana (Hamilton)

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmanabha Chakrabarti ◽  
Saroj Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Cardinal Vein ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Puntius Sarana ◽  
Posterior Cardinal Vein

Abstract The present study focused on observations of the histological status of adrenocortical tissues and the correlated seasonal changes in testicular activities in Puntius sarana (Hamilton). Interrenal and chromaffin cells were located in the head kidney between the posterior cardinal vein and hemopoietic tissues. Various male germ cells were identified in the testis based on distinctive features, distribution, and staining properties. The cytoplasmic features and the architecture of the interrenal and chromaffin cells varied during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle. The cytoplasm mass was elevated throughout maturation and spawning phases; however, it was weak in the post-spawning and growth phases. The staining intensity changed in the cells showing various phases of secretory efficiency harmonized with the constitution of different testicular cells.

scholarly journals Habitat-specific adaptation of immune responses of stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) lake and river ecotypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1617) ◽  
pp. 1523-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn P Scharsack ◽  
Martin Kalbe ◽  
Chris Harrod ◽  
Gisep Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Parasite Diversity ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
River Habitat

Freshwater populations of three-spined sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in northern Germany are found as distinct lake and river ecotypes. Adaptation to habitat-specific parasites might influence immune capabilities of stickleback ecotypes. Here, naive laboratory-bred sticklebacks from lake and river populations were exposed reciprocally to parasite environments in a lake and a river habitat. Sticklebacks exposed to lake conditions were infected with higher numbers of parasite species when compared with the river. River sticklebacks in the lake had higher parasite loads than lake sticklebacks in the same habitat. Respiratory burst, granulocyte counts and lymphocyte proliferation of head kidney leucocytes were increased in river sticklebacks exposed to lake when compared with river conditions. Although river sticklebacks exposed to lake conditions showed elevated activation of their immune system, parasites could not be diminished as effectively as by lake sticklebacks in their native habitat. River sticklebacks seem to have reduced their immune-competence potential due to lower parasite diversity in rivers.

scholarly journals SEROTONIN-MEDIATED RELEASE OF CATECHOLAMINES IN THE RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS

1993 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fritsche ◽  
S. G. Reid ◽  
S. Thomas ◽  
S. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) on catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue were investigated in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vivo and in situ. Intra-arterial injections of serotonin in vivo caused dose-dependent (50–250 nmol kg-1) increases in both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. Pre-treatment of fish with the serotonergic receptor antagonist methysergide did not abolish these increases. An in situ saline-perfused head kidney preparation was developed and validated to study the potential direct effect of serotonin on catecholamine release. The chromaffin cells in the preparation showed a dose-dependent release of catecholamines in response to bolus injections of the cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol (10–7-10-4 mol kg-1). The carbachol-induced release of noradrenaline, but not of adrenaline, was reduced significantly when the nicotinic receptor antagonist hexamethonium (10–4 mol l-1) was present in the perfusion fluid. The removal of calcium from the perfusion fluid prevented the usual release of catecholamines evoked by carbachol. Bolus injections of serotonin (250 nmol kg-1) into the inflowing perfusion fluid resulted in significantly increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the outflowing perfusate. Addition of hexamethonium to the perfusion fluid did not abolish this serotonin-induced release of catecholamines. The serotonin-induced release of adrenaline, however, was abolished totally by the addition of methysergide. Serotonin is present in high concentrations (44.61+/−5.96 microgram g-1 tissue) in the anterior region of the posterior cardinal vein within the head kidney. Carbachol (10–5 mol kg-1) did not elicit release of the stored serotonin from the perfused head kidney preparation. We conclude that the chromaffin cells in the perfused trout head kidney preparation display characteristics similar to those of other vertebrates and that this preparation is a useful tool for studying the control of catecholamine release in fish. The results demonstrate that serotonin has a direct impact on the chromaffin cells by interacting with methysergide-sensitive receptors to initiate the release of adrenaline. The potential physiological role of serotonin on catecholamine release in trout is discussed.

Ruthenium Red Staining of Human Hard Keratin Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
M. C. Buhrer ◽  
R. A. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Materials

Ruthenium red has been used as a stain to demonstrate a variety of extracellular materials, especially acid mucopolysaccharides. It also reacts with certain intracellular and extracellular lipids. Since biochemical studies in our laboratory demonstrated the presence of a variety of monosaccharides in human hair ruthenium red staining procedures were adopted in order to evaluate the presence and morphological location of acid oligosaccharides in the keratinized aspect of hair.

Effects of Hypophysectomy on the Fine Structure of Rat Liver Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
And Control

Hypophysectomy of the rat renders this animal deficient in the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, thus causing many primary and secondary hormonal effects on basic liver functions. Biochemical studies of these alterations in the rat liver cell are quite extensive; however, relatively few morphological observations on such cells have been recorded. Because the available biochemical information was derived mostly from disrupted and fractionated liver cells, it seemed desirable to examine the problem with the techniques of electron microscopy in order to see what changes are apparent in the intact liver cell after hypophysectomy. Accordingly, liver cells from rats which had been hypophysectomized 5-120 days before sacrifice were studied. Sham-operated rats served as controls and both hypophysectomized and control rats were fasted 15 hours before sacrifice.

Morphological Observations on the Granule Types in Rabbit Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Robert D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Extra-adrenal chromaffin organs (abdominal paraganglia) constitute rich sources of catecholamines. It is believed that these bodies contain norepinephrine exclusively. However, the present workers recently observed epinephrine type granules in para- ganglion cells. This report investigates catecholamine containing granules in rabbit paraganglia at the ultrastructural level.New Zealand white rabbits (150-170 grams) were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg Nembutal (IP) and perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M sodium phosphate, pH 7.3. The retroperitoneal tissue blocks were removed and placed in perfusion fluid for 4 hours. The abdominal paraganglia were dissected from the blocks, diced, washed in phosphate buffer and fixed in 1% osmic acid buffered with phosphate. In other animals, the glutaraldehyde perfused tissue blocks were immersed for 1 hour in 3% glutaraldehyde/2.5% potassium iodate buffered as before. The paraganglia were then diced, separated into two vials and washed in the buffer. A portion of this tissue received osmic acid fixation.

Alleviation of pain and depression by specific neural transplants: Fine structural correlates

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1066-1067
Author(s):  
George D. Pappas ◽  
Jacqueline Sagen
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Peptides ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Neural Transplants ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonists ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Donor Source

We have been interested in the use of neural transplants mainly as a local source of neuroactive substances, rather than as a replacement for damaged neural circuities. In particular, we have been exploring the possibilities of reducing pain by transplants of opioid peptide producing cells, and reducing depression by transplants of monoamine-producing cells. For the past several years, work in our laboratory has demonstrated in both acute and chronic pain models that transplantation of adrenal medullary tissue or isolated chromaffin cells into CNS pain modulatory regions can reduce pain sensitivity in rodents. Chromaffin cells were chosen as donor source since they produce high levels of both opioid peptides and catecholamines, substances which independently, and probably synergistically, reduce pain sensitivity when injected locally into the spinal cord. The analgesia produced by these transplants most likely results from the release of both opioid peptides and catecholamines, since it can be blocked or attenuated by opiate or adrenergic antagonists, respectively. Furthermore, CSF levels of met-enkephalin and catecholamines are increased by the transplants.

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