Ruthenium Red Staining of Human Hard Keratin Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
M. C. Buhrer ◽  
R. A. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Materials

Ruthenium red has been used as a stain to demonstrate a variety of extracellular materials, especially acid mucopolysaccharides. It also reacts with certain intracellular and extracellular lipids. Since biochemical studies in our laboratory demonstrated the presence of a variety of monosaccharides in human hair ruthenium red staining procedures were adopted in order to evaluate the presence and morphological location of acid oligosaccharides in the keratinized aspect of hair.

scholarly journals Basal lamina of embryonic salivary epithelia. Nature of glycosaminoglycan and organization of extracellular materials.

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Cohn ◽  
S D Banerjee ◽  
M R Bernfield
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Materials

The ultrastructural organization and the composition of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the epithelial basal lamina of mouse embryo submandibular glands were assessed. The labeled GAG accumulating in the lamina is distinct from that in its tissue of origin, the epithelium, or from that in the surrounding mesenchyme. In the lamina, hyaluronic acid accounts for approximately 50% of the labeled GAG, chondroitin-4-sulfate is twice the chondroitin-6-sulfate, and there is a low proportion of chondroitin. This composition is constant regardless of whether the lamina is labeled by whole glands or, in the absence of mesenchyme, by isolated epithelia retaining a lamina and by isolated epithelia generating a lamina de novo. The results andicate that the labeled GAG are bona fide components of the lamina, and suggest that laminar GAG is deposited in units of constant composition. Ultrastructural observations following ruthenium red staining or tannic acid fixation extablish that the lamina is a highly ordered specialization of the basal cell surface. Discrete structures in macroperiodic arrays apparently attached to the plasmalemma are visualized. This organization is seen in intact glands and in the laminae produced by epithelia in the absence of mesenchyme or biological substrate. The data are interpreted as indicating that the basal lamina contains supramolecular complexes of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan which are organized into an extracellular scaffolding which imposes structural form on the epithelium.

scholarly journals Anatomy and Histochemistry of Seed Coat Development of Wild (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Asch. et Graebn. and Domesticated Pea (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4602
Author(s):  
Lenka Zablatzká ◽  
Jana Balarynová ◽  
Barbora Klčová ◽  
Pavel Kopecký ◽  
Petr Smýkal
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Biochemical Studies

In angiosperms, the mature seed consists of embryo, endosperm, and a maternal plant-derived seed coat (SC). The SC plays a role in seed filling, protects the embryo, mediates dormancy and germination, and facilitates the dispersal of seeds. SC properties have been modified during the domestication process, resulting in the removal of dormancy, mediated by SC impermeability. This study compares the SC anatomy and histochemistry of two wild (JI64 and JI1794) and two domesticated (cv. Cameor and JI92) pea genotypes. Histochemical staining of five developmental stages: 13, 21, 27, 30 days after anthesis (DAA), and mature dry seeds revealed clear differences between both pea types. SC thickness is established early in the development (13 DAA) and is primarily governed by macrosclereid cells. Polyanionic staining by Ruthenium Red indicated non homogeneity of the SC, with a strong signal in the hilum, the micropyle, and the upper parts of the macrosclereids. High peroxidase activity was detected in both wild and cultivated genotypes and increased over the development peaking prior to desiccation. The detailed knowledge of SC anatomy is important for any molecular or biochemical studies, including gene expression and proteomic analysis, especially when comparing different genotypes and treatments. Analysis is useful for other crop-to-wild-progenitor comparisons of economically important legume crops.

Structure, properties and enhanced expression of galactose-binding C-type lectins in mucous cells of gills from freshwater Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica)

2001 ◽  
Vol 360 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinash Chandra MISTRY ◽  
Shinji HONDA ◽  
Shigehisa HIROSE
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Anguilla Japonica ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cdna Subtraction ◽  
Competitive Binding Assay ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cdna Subtraction Library

Using a Japanese-eel (Anguilla japonica) gill cDNA subtraction library, two novel β-d-galactose-binding lectins were identified that belong to group VII of the animal C-type lectin family. The eel C-type lectins, termed eCL-1 and eCL-2, are simple lectins composed of 163 amino acid residues, including a 22-residue signal peptide for secretion and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of ∼ 130 residues typical of C-type lectins. The galactose specificity of the CRD was suggested by the presence of a QPD motif and confirmed by a competitive binding assay. Using Ruthenium Red staining, the lectins were shown to bind Ca2+ ions. SDS/PAGE showed that native eCL-1 and eCL-2have an SDS-resistant octameric structure (a tetramer of disulphide-linked dimers). Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated high-level expression of eCL-1 and eCL-2 mRNAs and their protein products in gills from freshwater eels, which decreased markedly when the eels were transferred from freshwater to seawater. Immunohistochemistry showed that the eel lectins are localized in the exocrine mucous cells of the gill.

Morphology and ultrastructure of oral strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-600
Author(s):  
S C Holt ◽  
A C Tanner ◽  
S S Socransky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Haemophilus Aphrophilus ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Selected human oral and nonoral strains of the genera Actinobacillus and Haemophilus were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The strains examined were morphologically identical to recognized Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus. By transmission electron microscopy, the cells were typically gram negative in morphology, with several strains possessing some extracellular ruthenium red-staining polymeric material. Numerous vesicular structures, morphologically identical to lipopolysaccharide vesicles, were seen to originate from and be continuous with the surface of the outer membrane. Large numbers of these vesicles were also found in the external environment. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that both actinobacilli and haemophili possessed surface projections and an amorphous surface material which connected and covered adjacent cells.

Observation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 using the Tokuyasu method

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Takamichi Kamigaki ◽  
Akihiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Abstract Some species of lactic acid bacteria used for the production of natural cheese produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). Electron microscopy is useful for analyzing the microstructure of EPS produced by lactic acid bacteria. However, pretreatments used to observe the microstructure of EPS by electron microscopy, such as dehydration and resin embedding, can result in EPS flowing out easily from the cell. Therefore, in this study, the Tokuyasu method was conducted on cryosection to reduce EPS outflow. Two types of observation method, namely, using lectin and ruthenium red, were conducted in an attempt to observe EPS produced by Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171. Observation using the lectin method confirmed that colloidal gold particles conjugated with a lectin recognizing β-galactoside were present in the capsule. Structures that appeared to be β-galactoside-containing slime polysaccharides that were released from the cell wall were also observed. Observation using ruthenium red showed that capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in the capsule were present as a net-like structure. Colloidal gold conjugation with an anti-β-lactoglobulin antibody, in addition to ruthenium red staining, allowed the identification of slime polysaccharides released from the cell wall in the milk protein network derived from the culture medium. Based on these results, the Tokuyasu method was considered to be a useful pretreatment method to clarify and observe the presence of EPS. In particular, both CPS in the capsule and slime exopolysaccharides released from the cell wall were visualized.

Ruthenium red staining of rat glomerulus

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining
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