Neighborhood Density Method for Selecting Initial Cluster Centers in K-Means Clustering

2006 ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunming Ye ◽  
Joshua Zhexue Huang ◽  
Xiaojun Chen ◽  
Shuigeng Zhou ◽  
Graham Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Density Method ◽  
Initial Cluster

scholarly journals Input frequency and lexical variability in phonological development: a survival analysis of word-initial cluster production

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUHIKO OTA ◽  
SAM J. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Input Frequency ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Initial Cluster ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Ambient Language ◽  
Production Frequency

ABSTRACTAlthough it has been often hypothesized that children learn to produce new sound patterns first in frequently heard words, the available evidence in support of this claim is inconclusive. To re-examine this question, we conducted a survival analysis of word-initial consonant clusters produced by three children in the Providence Corpus (0 ; 11–4 ; 0). The analysis took account of several lexical factors in addition to lexical input frequency, including the age of first production, production frequency, neighborhood density and number of phonemes. The results showed that lexical input frequency was a significant predictor of the age at which the accuracy level of cluster production in each word first reached 80%. The magnitude of the frequency effect differed across cluster types. Our findings indicate that some of the between-word variance found in the development of sound production can indeed be attributed to the frequency of words in the child's ambient language.

Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4148-4161
Author(s):  
Christine S.-Y. Ng ◽  
Stephanie F. Stokes ◽  
Mary Alt
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Case Design

Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control of the phonological neighborhood density of the stimuli. The children (24–39 months) attended 7–9 weeks of twice weekly input-based treatment in which no explicit verbal production was required from the child. Each target word was provided as input a minimum of 64 times in at least two intervention sessions. Treatment feasibility was measured by comparison of how many of the target and control words the child produced across the intervention period, and parent-reported expressive vocabulary checklists were completed for comparison of pre- and postintervention child spoken vocabulary size. An omnibus effect size for the treatment effect of the number of target and control words produced across time was calculated using Kendall's Tau. Results There was a significant treatment effect for target words learned in intervention relative to baselines, and all children produced significantly more target than control words across the intervention period. The effect of phonological neighborhood density on expressive word production could not be evaluated because two of the three children learned all target words. Conclusion The results provide cross-cultural evidence of the feasibility of a model of intervention that incorporated a high-dosage, cross-situational statistical learning paradigm to teach spoken word production to children with small expressive lexicons.

scholarly journals Volume free strain energy density method for applications to blunt V-notches

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 734-742
Author(s):  
Pietro Foti ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi ◽  
Liviu Marsavina ◽  
Filippo Berto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Density Method ◽  
Free Strain

scholarly journals On the application of the volume free strain energy density method to blunt V-notches under mixed mode condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 111716
Author(s):  
Pietro Foti ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi ◽  
Majid Reza Ayatollahi ◽  
Liviu Marsavina ◽  
Filippo Berto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy Density ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Density Method ◽  
Free Strain

Das Kilogramm im neuen SI

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Frank Härtig ◽  
Dorothea Knopf ◽  
Katharina Lehrmann
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Density Method ◽  
Consensus Value ◽  
Crystal Density ◽  
Wenn Sich

ZusammenfassungAm 20. Mai 2019 hat die Generalkonferenz für Maße und Gewichte die Definition zur Darstellung der Einheiten grundlegend erneut. Die Einheit Kilogramm des Internationalen Einheitensystems (SI) stand besonders im Fokus, da vermutet wurde, dass sich die Masse des Internationalen Kilogramm Prototyps (IPK) über die Zeit ändert. Wie auch andere SI-Einheiten wird das Kilogramm nun nicht mehr durch einen weltweit einzigen physikalischen Körper dargestellt, sondern über physikalische Konstante. Auswirkungen auf industrielle oder gesellschaftliche Anwendungen hat die neue Definition nicht, auch wenn sich die Genauigkeit der nationalen Massenormale etwas verschlechtert hat. Die Chancen liegen dagegen in der Vielfalt, mit der das Kilogramm künftig dargestellt werden kann. Grundlage für die neue Realisierung bilden derzeit zwei Experimente, die „Kibble-Waage“ (Kibble-Balance: KB) und die „X-Ray Crystal Density Method“ (XRCD-Methode). Letztere basiert auf Kugeln aus monokristallinem isotopenangereichertem Silizium. Systematische Abweichungen zwischen den beiden Experimenten zeigen, dass eine dreistufige Übergangsphase notwendig ist, um die grundlegende Stabilität für die Weitergabe der Größe Masse zu gewährleisten. Der IPK und ein sogenannter Consensus Value (CV) spielen dabei eine besondere Rolle. Die gute Handhabbarkeit und Stabilität von Silizium haben dazu geführt, dass die in der XRCD-Methode verwendeten Siliziumkugeln in ihrer natürlichen Isotopenzusammensetzung auch als sehr stabile Massenormale eingesetzt werden.

scholarly journals Investigation of Topology Optimization of Magnetic Circuit by Using Density Method

2004 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1228-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Okamoto ◽  
Norio Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Density Method
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