Detection and Attribution of Climate Change Effects on Tropical Cyclones

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Walsh ◽  
David Karoly ◽  
Neville Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Detection And Attribution

scholarly journals Climate-mediated changes to mixed-layer properties in the Southern Ocean: assessing the phytoplankton response

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Boyd ◽  
S. C. Doney ◽  
R. Strzepek ◽  
J. Dusenberry ◽  
K. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Functional Groups

Abstract. Concurrent changes in ocean chemical and physical properties influence phytoplankton dynamics via alterations in carbonate chemistry, nutrient and trace metal inventories and upper ocean light environment. Using a fully coupled, global carbon-climate model (Climate System Model 1.4-carbon), we quantify anthropogenic climate change relative to the background natural interannual variability for the Southern Ocean over the period 2000 and 2100. Model results are interpreted using our understanding of the environmental control of phytoplankton growth rates – leading to two major findings. Firstly, comparison with results from phytoplankton perturbation experiments, in which environmental properties have been altered for key species (e.g., bloom formers), indicates that the predicted rates of change in oceanic properties over the next few decades are too subtle to be represented experimentally at present. Secondly, the rate of secular climate change will not exceed background natural variability, on seasonal to interannual time-scales, for at least several decades – which may not provide the prevailing conditions of change, i.e. constancy, needed for phytoplankton adaptation. Taken together, the relatively subtle environmental changes, due to climate change, may result in adaptation by resident phytoplankton, but not for several decades due to the confounding effects of climate variability. This presents major challenges for the detection and attribution of climate change effects on Southern Ocean phytoplankton. We advocate the development of multi-faceted tests/metrics that will reflect the relative plasticity of different phytoplankton functional groups and/or species to respond to changing ocean conditions.

scholarly journals Climate-mediated changes to mixed-layer properties in the Southern Ocean: assessing the phytoplankton response

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4283-4322 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Boyd ◽  
S. C. Doney ◽  
R. Strzepek ◽  
J. Dusenberry ◽  
K. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Functional Groups

Abstract. Concurrent changes in ocean chemical and physical properties influence phytoplankton dynamics via alterations in carbonate chemistry, nutrient and trace metal inventories and upper ocean light environment. Using a fully coupled, global carbon-climate model (Climate System Model 1.4-carbon), we quantify anthropogenic climate change relative to the background natural interannual variability for the Southern Ocean over the period 2000 and 2100. Model results are interpreted using our understanding of the environmental control of phytoplankton growth rates – leading to two major findings. Firstly, comparison with results from phytoplankton perturbation experiments, in which environmental properties have been altered for key species (e.g., bloom formers), indicates that the predicted rates of change in oceanic properties over the next few decades are too subtle to be represented experimentally at present. Secondly, the rate of secular climate change will not exceed background natural variability, on seasonal to interannual time-scales, for at least several decades – which may not provide the prevailing conditions of change, i.e. constancy, needed for phytoplankton adaptation. Taken together, the relatively subtle environmental changes, due to climate change, may result in adaptation by resident phytoplankton, but not for several decades due to the confounding effects of climate variability. This presents major challenges for the detection and attribution of climate change effects on Southern Ocean phytoplankton. We advocate the development of multi-faceted tests/metrics that will reflect the relative plasticity of different phytoplankton functional groups and/or species to respond to changing ocean conditions.

Assessment of aquifers groundwater storage for the mitigation of climate change effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Alberti ◽  
Martino Cantone ◽  
Loris Colombo ◽  
Gabriele Oberto ◽  
Ivana La Licata
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Climate Change Effects

Estimating Climate Change Effects on Installation Energy Use

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Filadelfo ◽  
Jonathon Mintz ◽  
Daniel Carvell ◽  
Alan Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Climate Change Effects
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