scholarly journals Neuroactive Peptides as Putative Mediators of Antiepileptic Ketogenic Diets

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Giordano ◽  
Maddalena Marchiò ◽  
Elena Timofeeva ◽  
Giuseppe Biagini
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides

The Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biophysics of Ganglionic Transmission

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (S1) ◽  
pp. S2
Author(s):  
Peter A. Smith ◽  
William F. Dryden ◽  
Canio Polosa ◽  
Vladimir I. Skok
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Autonomic Ganglia ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides ◽  
Ganglionic Transmission

Over the last 20 years there has been a marked increase in the understanding of the biophysical properties of neurones in autonomic ganglia. During the same time period, there have been advances in immunohistochemistry which have shown that the autonomic ganglia are rich sources of a variety of neuroactive peptides and monoamines. Although physiological studies have underlined the role of enteric and prevertebral ganglia in the control of peristalsis and micturition, very little is known about the physiological role of many of the other autonomic ganglia.The objective of the International Brain Research Organization satellite symposium held in Edmonton, Alberta, during August 1991, was to bring together the biophysicists, morphologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists to evaluate the current status of our understanding of the autonomic ganglia. Posters and four sessions of invited talks were presented over a three-day period. The papers that appear in this issue detail the content of some of these talks.The organizers gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, the Medical Research Council of Canada, Astra Pharma Inc., the University of Alberta Conference Fund, Nordic Laboratories, Merck Frosst Canada, Axon Instruments, Novopharm Ltd., Bio-Méga Inc., Chembiomed, Newport Instruments, the City of Edmonton, Charles River Canada, and Mandel Scientific.

SCHIZOPHRENIA AND NEUROACTIVE PEPTIDES FROM FOOD

The Lancet ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 313 (8124) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. Dohan
Keyword(s):  
Neuroactive Peptides

Progressive potentiation of peptide release during a neuronal discharge

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Loechner ◽  
E. M. Azhderian ◽  
R. Dreyer ◽  
L. K. Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Peptide Release ◽  
Acidic Peptide ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Bag Cell Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. In response to electrical stimulation, the bag cell neurons of Aplysia generate an afterdischarge that lasts 20-40 min. During this afterdischarge several neuroactive peptides are released. We have now studied the time course of release of two of these peptides, egg-laying hormone (ELH) and acidic peptide (AP). For the collection of released peptides, the artery to the bag cell clusters was perfused. The medium surrounding the clusters (artificial seawater, ASW) was completely exchanged at 5-min intervals before, during, and after stimulation of an afterdischarge. Peptides released into the external medium were analyzed with the use of high-pressure liquid chromatography. 2. Before stimulation, no detectable ELH and AP were found in the external medium. After the onset of an afterdischarge, the amount of ELH and AP released increased progressively until 15-20 min of firing. Toward the conclusion of an afterdischarge, the release of ELH and AP returned to control levels. 3. In contrast to the pattern of release of the peptides, the firing rate of the bag cell neurons is maximal within the first minute of afterdischarge and thereafter declines. 4. Release of the peptides from axonal varicosities occurs within the vascularized connective-tissue sheath that covers the clusters of bag cell neurons. Experiments were therefore carried out to establish whether the observed time course of release is affected by diffusion of the peptides through the vasculature into the external medium and, in particular, to determine whether the maximal rate of release at 15-20 min into the afterdischarge could be accounted for by a delay in transport of peptides from the neurites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of Neuroactive Peptides on Labeled 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release from Rat Spinal Slices in Vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Yann TSAI ◽  
Sadaaki MAEDA ◽  
Katsuya IWATSUBO ◽  
Reizo INOKI
Keyword(s):  
Neuroactive Peptides

Neuroactive peptides as markers of retinal ganglion cell populations that differ in anatomical organization and function

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo O. Kuljis ◽  
Harvey J. Karten
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides ◽  
Retinofugal Projections ◽  
And Function

AbstractRecent immunocytochemical studies indicate the existence of several classes of peptide- (PRGC) and catecholamine-containing retinal ganglion cells in anurans, birds, and mammals. Different classes of PRGC project to discrete and seemingly unique layers in the retino-recipient portion of the anuran and avian optic tectum. Peptide-containing retinofugal projections to the frog tectum originate early in development, and are reestablished by some classes of PRGC during regeneration of the optic nerve. These findings indicate that chemically specific, parallel retinofugal pathways presumably subserve different functional aspects of vision in vertebrates. Exciting prospects for research include the correlation of physiologically with immunocytochemically defined classes of retinal ganglion cells, the analysis of the possible role of neuroactive peptides in retinofugal transmission, and the pharmacological manipulation of putative peptidergic retinofugal pathways to analyze their role in visual function.

Lys- and Leu-Aminopeptidase Activity after Acute Toluene Exposure in the Rat Brain

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. De Gandarias ◽  
Enrique Echevarria ◽  
Jon Irazusta ◽  
Ernesto Casis ◽  
Luis Casis
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides ◽  
Toluene Exposure ◽  
Candidate Regulator

Changes in Lys- and Leu-aminopeplidase activities in several brain regions of the rat, after acute toluene administration, are described in this research. Aminopeptidase activity has been suggested as a candidate regulator of the degradation of several neuroactive peptides. Lys-aminopeptidase activity was significantly decreased in the thalamus, amygdala, and medulla oblongata. Leu-aminopeptidase activity was significantly decreased in the thalamus and cerebellum. It is suggested that these aminopeptidase activities could play a part in the mechanism of toluene neurotoxicity.

Further mapping of the Achatina giant neurone types sensitive to the neuroactive peptides isolated from invertebrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Araki ◽  
Guo Jun Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hiroshi Takeuchi ◽  
Eisuke Munekata
Keyword(s):  
Giant Neurone ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides
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