The Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biophysics of Ganglionic Transmission

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (S1) ◽  
pp. S2
Author(s):  
Peter A. Smith ◽  
William F. Dryden ◽  
Canio Polosa ◽  
Vladimir I. Skok
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Autonomic Ganglia ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Neuroactive Peptides ◽  
Ganglionic Transmission

Over the last 20 years there has been a marked increase in the understanding of the biophysical properties of neurones in autonomic ganglia. During the same time period, there have been advances in immunohistochemistry which have shown that the autonomic ganglia are rich sources of a variety of neuroactive peptides and monoamines. Although physiological studies have underlined the role of enteric and prevertebral ganglia in the control of peristalsis and micturition, very little is known about the physiological role of many of the other autonomic ganglia.The objective of the International Brain Research Organization satellite symposium held in Edmonton, Alberta, during August 1991, was to bring together the biophysicists, morphologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists to evaluate the current status of our understanding of the autonomic ganglia. Posters and four sessions of invited talks were presented over a three-day period. The papers that appear in this issue detail the content of some of these talks.The organizers gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, the Medical Research Council of Canada, Astra Pharma Inc., the University of Alberta Conference Fund, Nordic Laboratories, Merck Frosst Canada, Axon Instruments, Novopharm Ltd., Bio-Méga Inc., Chembiomed, Newport Instruments, the City of Edmonton, Charles River Canada, and Mandel Scientific.

scholarly journals Senescent tumor cells: an overlooked adversary in the battle against cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Sang Park ◽  
Yong Won Choi ◽  
Jang-Hee Kim ◽  
Hong Seok Kim ◽  
Tae Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Positive Functions

AbstractSenescent cells in cancer tissue, including senescent fibroblasts and macrophages, have been reported to increase the malignant potency of cancer cells by secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Otherwise, Senescence of tumor cells has been believed to inhibit tumor growth by halting the massive proliferation and increasing the chances of immune clearance. In particular, senescent tumor cells (STCs) have been thought that they rarely exist in carcinomas because oncogene-induced senescence needs to be overcome for protumorigenic cells to become malignant. However, recent studies have revealed that a considerable number of STCs are present in cancer tissue, even in metastatic sites. In fact, STCs are widely involved in cancer progression by leading to collective invasion and building a cytokine barrier to protect nonsenescent tumor cells from immune attack. Furthermore, therapy-induced STCs can induce tumor progression and recurrence by increasing stemness. However, obscure causative factors and their heterogeneity in various cancers make it difficult to establish the physiological role of STCs. Here, we summarize and review the current knowledge of the pathophysiology and role of STCs. We also outline the current status of therapeutic strategies for directly removing STCs or modulating the SASPs to maximize the positive functions of STCs while suppressing the negative functions.

The role of computers in medical research

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 196 (11) ◽  
pp. 944-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

Physiological Role of Cyclic Electron Flow in Higher Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Wei HUANG ◽  
Shi-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kun-Fang CAO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow

The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK): An Intriguing Pharmacological Target for an Innovative Class of Diuretic Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2627-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Calderone ◽  
Alma Martelli ◽  
Eugenia Piragine ◽  
Valentina Citi ◽  
Lara Testai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Effective Drugs

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

Role of Pharmacogenomics in Antiepileptic Drug Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (37) ◽  
pp. 5760-5765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gambardella ◽  
Angelo Labate ◽  
Laura Mumoli ◽  
Iscia Lopes-Cendes ◽  
Fernando Cendes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug Therapy
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