Sperm Chromatin: An Overview

2011 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Balhorn
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Chromatin

1632: High Grade Varicocele and Low Sperm Density are Associated with High Degree of Sperm Chromatin Damage in Infertile Men

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 526-526
Author(s):  
Mara A. Monoski ◽  
Darius A. Paduch ◽  
Marc Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
High Degree

Sperm DNA fragmentation measured by sperm chromatin dispersion impacts morphokinetic parameters, fertilization rate and blastocyst quality in ICSI treatments

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shikai Wang ◽  
Weihong Tan ◽  
Yueyue Huang ◽  
Xianbao Mao ◽  
Zhengda Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Morphokinetic Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Blastocyst Quality

Summary To determine the effects of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on embryo morphokinetic parameters, cleavage patterns and embryo quality, this retrospective study analyzed 151 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles (1152 embryos collected) between November 2016 and June 2019. SDF was assessed using sperm chromatin dispersion. The cycles were divided into two groups based on the SDF rate: SDF < 15% (n = 114) and SDF ≥ 15% (n = 37). The embryo morphokinetic parameters, cleavage patterns, and embryo quality were compared between the two groups. The morphokinetic parameters tPNf, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, and t8 were achieved significantly earlier in the SDF < 15% group compared with in the SDF ≥ 15% group. The fertilization and 2PN rates seemed to be significantly higher in the SDF < 15% group compared with in the SDF ≥ 15% group, while the abnormal cleavage rates were similar. However, a significantly higher rate of chaotic cleavage (CC) was observed in the SDF ≥ 15% group. The D3 high-quality embryo and available embryo rates were similar between the two groups. The blastocyst formation, high-quality blastocyst, and available blastocyst rates in the SDF < 15% group were significantly higher than those in the SDF ≥ 15% group. With an increase in SDF level, the chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates tended to decrease, while the miscarriage rate increased. This study demonstrated that SDF ≥ 15% reduces the fertilization rate of ICSI cycles and affects certain morphokinetic parameters. A higher SDF level can also induce a higher rate of CC, with subsequent decreases in the blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst quality.

scholarly journals Structure of sea urchin sperm chromatin core particle.

1980 ◽  
Vol 255 (22) ◽  
pp. 10702-10709
Author(s):  
R.T. Simpson ◽  
L.W. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Sea Urchin Sperm

scholarly journals 272 Proposing a combination of heritable fertility traits for bull selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Marina Fortes ◽  
Wei Liang Andre Tan ◽  
Laercio R Porto-Neto ◽  
Antonio Reverter ◽  
Gry B Boe-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Protamine Deficiency

Abstract Traits such as sperm morphology and motility are routine in veterinarian evaluations of bull fertility. However, they rarely are included in livestock breeding programs, which typically use only scrotal circumference (SC) and some female traits for fertility selection. We studied 25 male fertility traits measured in two research populations of bulls (1,099 Brahman, and 1,719 Tropical Composite) and one commercial population (2,490 Santa Gertrude bulls). Measurements included standard semen evaluation (e.g. sperm motility and morphology) and SC. In the research data, we also measured sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm protamine deficiency for about 50% of the bulls. Using a mixture of genomic and pedigree analyses, we estimated heritabilities and genetic correlations for all traits, in each population. Our analyses suggest that bull fertility traits have a heritable component, which makes selective breeding possible. The phenotype variation in sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm protamine deficiency traits also have a heritable component (h2 ~ 0.05–0.22). These first estimates for heritability of sperm chromatin phenotypes require further studies, with larger datasets, to corroborate present results. In all three populations, we observed genetic correlations across traits that were favorable, but not high. For example, the percentage of normal sperm (PNS) from the sperm morphology evaluation was positively correlated with SC. In the research data, sperm DNA fragmentation was negatively correlated with PNS (r2 ~ 0.23–0.33), meaning that bulls with a higher PNS had less DNA fragmentation, being therefore more fertile according to both indicators. Given the favorable and yet not high genetic correlations between traits, it is possible to envision that sperm chromatin phenotypes might form a panel, together with PNS and SC, for a comprehensive bull fertility index. Selection indices that include fertility traits are being implemented in the dairy industry and could be recommended for beef cattle, too. An index that benefits from the favorable genetic correlations between traits that describe different aspects of bull fertility is a sensible approach to selective breeding. The clinical use of complementary indicators for male fertility is largely accepted, when deciding on bull fitness for the mating season. We propose extending this rationale to create a multi-trait index that captures genetic merit for bull fertility. In addition, we performed genome-wide association analyses in the research data and identified eight QTLs in the X chromosome. Correlations and shared SNP associations support the hypothesis that these phenotypes have the same underlying cause: abnormal spermatogenesis. In conclusion, it is possible to improve bull fertility through selective breeding, by measuring complementary fertility traits. Genomic selection for bull fertility might be more accurate if the X chromosome mutations that underlie the discovered QTL are included in the analyses. Polymorphisms associated with fertility in the bull accumulate in the X chromosome, as they do in humans and mice, thus suggesting specialization of this chromosome.

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster male germ line-specific transcripts with autosomal and Y-linked genes.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Russell ◽  
K Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Autosomal Locus ◽  
Functional Protein

Abstract We have identified of set of related transcripts expressed in the germ line of male Drosophila melanogaster. Surprisingly, while one of the corresponding genes is autosomal the remainder are located on the Y chromosome. The autosomal locus, at 77F on chromosome arm 3L, corresponds to the previously described transcription unit 18c, located in the first intron of the gene for an RI subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The Y chromosome copies have been mapped to region h18-h19 on the cytogenetic map of the Y outside of any of the regions required for male fertility. In contrast to D. melanogaster, where Y-linked copies were found in nine different wild-type strains, no Y-linked copies were found in sibling species. Several apparently Y-derived cDNA clones and one Y-linked genomic clone have been sequenced. The Y-derived genomic DNA shares the same intron/exon structure as the autosomal copy as well as related flanking sequences suggesting that it transposed to the Y from the autosomal locus. However, this particular Y-linked copy cannot encode a functional polypeptide due to a stop codon at amino acid position 72. Divergence among five different cDNA clones ranges from 1.5 to 6% and includes a large number of third position substitutions. We have not yet obtained a full-length cDNA from a Y-linked gene and therefore cannot conclude that the D. melanogaster Y chromosome contains functional protein-coding genes. The autosomal gene encodes a predicted polypeptide with 45% similarity to histones of the H5 class and more limited similarity to cysteine-rich protamines. This protein may be a distant relative of the histone H1 family perhaps involved in sperm chromatin condensation.

scholarly journals Thawing boar semen in the presence of seminal plasma improves motility, modifies subpopulation patterns and reduces chromatin alterations

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Gago ◽  
Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
Marta E. Alonso ◽  
J. Ramiro González ◽  
Beatriz Alegre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Chromatin Compaction ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fragmentation Index ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Dna Fragmentation Index

Seminal plasma could have positive effects on boar semen after thawing. In the present study we investigated changes in the motility and chromatin structure in spermatozoa over 4 h incubation (37°C) of boar semen thawed in the presence of 0%, 10% or 50% seminal plasma from good-fertility boars. Cryopreserved doses were used from seven males, three of which were identified as susceptible to post-thawing chromatin alterations. Motility was analysed by computer-aided sperm analysis every hour, and data were used in a two-step clustering, yielding three subpopulations of spermatozoa (slow non-linear, fast non-linear, fast linear). Chromatin structure was analysed using a sperm chromatin structure assay and flow cytometry to determine the DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) as a percentage, the standard deviation of the DFI (SD-DFI) and the percentage of high DNA stainability (%HDS), indicating chromatin compaction. Thawing without seminal plasma resulted in a rapid loss of motility, whereas seminal plasma helped maintain motility throughout the incubation period and preserved the subpopulation comprising fast and linear spermatozoa. The incidence of chromatin alterations was very low in samples from non-susceptible males, whereas samples from males susceptible to post-thawing chromatin alterations exhibited marked alterations in %DFI and %HDS. Seminal plasma partly prevented these alterations in samples from susceptible males. Overall, 50% seminal plasma was the most efficient concentration to protect motility and chromatin. Some changes were concomitant with physiological events reported previously (e.g., semen thawed with 50% seminal plasma increased the production of reactive oxygen species and yielded higher fertility after AI). Thawing in the presence of seminal plasma could be particularly useful in the case of samples susceptible to post-thawing chromatin damage.

The microtubule aster formation and its role in nuclear envelope assembly around the sperm chromatin inXenopus egg extracts

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (18) ◽  
pp. 1912-1918
Author(s):  
Ning Yang ◽  
Zhongcai Chen ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
Chuanmao Zhang ◽  
Zhonghe Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Egg Extracts ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Assembly ◽  
Microtubule Aster

1885 SPERM CHROMATIN PACKAGING IN RELATION TO HISTONE H4K12AC-BINDING AND THE PROMOTER METHYLOME

2010 ◽  
Vol 183 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Paradowska ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Marek Bartkuhn ◽  
Wolfgang Weidner ◽  
Klaus Steger
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Chromatin
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