The General Phenomenon of Pattern Growth and Convection Driven by Chemical Reactions at Liquid Interfaces

1988 ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Kagan ◽  
David Avnir
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Pattern Growth

Update 1 of: Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas−Liquid Interfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Davidovits ◽  
Charles E. Kolb ◽  
Leah R. Williams ◽  
John T. Jayne ◽  
Douglas R. Worsnop
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Liquid Interfaces

Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas−Liquid Interfaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Davidovits ◽  
Charles E. Kolb ◽  
Leah R. Williams ◽  
John T. Jayne ◽  
Douglas R. Worsnop
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Liquid Interfaces

scholarly journals A Chemical Potential Equation for Modeling Triboelectrochemical Reactions on Solid–Liquid Interfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxu Liu ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Yonggang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Potential Equation ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Triboelectrochemical reactions occur on solid–liquid interfaces in wide range of applications when an electric field strong enough and a frictional stress high enough are simultaneously imposed on the interfaces. A characteristic of triboelectrochemical reactions is that not only the thermal energy but also the electrical and mechanical energies can activate, assist, or mitigate the solid–liquid interface chemical reactions, the products of which affect electrical and tribological behavior of the interfaces inversely. In previous studies, we have found that the coupling of frictional and electric effects could physically change the migration, adsorption, and desorption behaviors of the polar molecules, ions, or charged particles included in aqueous or nonaqueous base lubricant toward or away from the interfaces and thus control the boundary lubrication. Recently, we have found that the friction coefficient and surface appearance of some kinds of metals could also be modulated to some extent even in pure water or pure base oils under external electric stimulations. We attribute these changes to the triboelectrochemical reactions occurred when a strong external electric field is imposed on. Based on the effective collision model of chemical reactions, a chemical potential equation, which includes both electrical and mechanical contributions, has been derived. The proposed chemical potential equation can be used to explain the observed triboelectrochemical phenomenon in experiments. Based on the model, a novel method for oxidation coloring of the selected areas in metal surfaces is proposed. Together with the physical adsorption and desorption model of lubricant additives, the triboelectrochemical reaction model can well explain the phenomena of potential-controlled boundary lubrication in different lubrication systems and also provides a theoretical basis for other solid–liquid interface processes under the effects of electromechanical coupling.

Surface reactions observed by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
H.H. Rotermund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Single Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Photoemission Electron

Chemical reactions at a surface will in most cases show a measurable influence on the work function of the clean surface. This change of the work function δφ can be used to image the local distributions of the investigated reaction,.if one of the reacting partners is adsorbed at the surface in form of islands of sufficient size (Δ>0.2μm). These can than be visualized via a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). Changes of φ as low as 2 meV give already a change in the total intensity of a PEEM picture. To achieve reasonable contrast for an image several 10 meV of δφ are needed. Dynamic processes as surface diffusion of CO or O on single crystal surfaces as well as reaction / diffusion fronts have been observed in real time and space.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document