Phase Transitions in Nonequilibrium Systems: Dye Lasers and Lasers with Saturable Absorbers

1986 ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Dye Lasers ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems ◽  
Saturable Absorbers

scholarly journals Strongly Nonlinear Stochastic Processes in Physics and the Life Sciences

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
Markovian Processes ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Continuous State

Strongly nonlinear stochastic processes can be found in many applications in physics and the life sciences. In particular, in physics, strongly nonlinear stochastic processes play an important role in understanding nonlinear Markov diffusion processes and have frequently been used to describe order-disorder phase transitions of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. However, diffusion processes represent only one class of strongly nonlinear stochastic processes out of four fundamental classes of time-discrete and time-continuous processes evolving on discrete and continuous state spaces. Moreover, strongly nonlinear stochastic processes appear both as Markov and non-Markovian processes. In this paper the full spectrum of strongly nonlinear stochastic processes is presented. Not only are processes presented that are defined by nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations but also processes are discussed that are defined by nonlinear Markov chains, nonlinear master equations, and strongly nonlinear stochastic iterative maps. Markovian as well as non-Markovian processes are considered. Applications range from classical fields of physics such as astrophysics, accelerator physics, order-disorder phase transitions of liquids, material physics of porous media, quantum mechanical descriptions, and synchronization phenomena in equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems to problems in mathematics, engineering sciences, biology, psychology, social sciences, finance, and economics.

Dissipative phase transitions in systems with nonreciprocal effective interactions

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (47) ◽  
pp. 9720-9729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita P. Kryuchkov ◽  
Alexei V. Ivlev ◽  
Stanislav O. Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Spinodal Decomposition ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Dusty Plasmas ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Interparticle Forces

The reciprocity of effective interparticle forces can be violated in various open and nonequilibrium systems, in particular, in colloidal suspensions and complex (dusty) plasmas. The results indicate the realization of bistability and dissipative spinodal decomposition.

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