Density Matrix Equations and Diagrams for High Resolution Non-Linear Laser Spectroscopy: Application to Ramsey Fringes in the Optical Domain

1983 ◽  
pp. 1-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Bordé
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Laser Spectroscopy ◽  
Matrix Equations ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Optical Domain ◽  
Linear Laser

Non-Linear Laser Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
G.W. Series
Keyword(s):  
Laser Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Laser

Search of “chlorophyll forms” in vivo by non-linear laser spectroscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Leupold ◽  
H. Stiel ◽  
E. Klose ◽  
P. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Chlorophyll Forms ◽  
Linear Laser

scholarly journals Non-linear Laser Spectroscopy in Supercritical Fluids

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi KIMURA ◽  
Fujitsugu AMITA ◽  
Tomotsumi FUJISAWA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Spectroscopy ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Laser

scholarly journals Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation and Mapping through High-Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery—A Literature Review

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Hammad Gilani ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Forest Aboveground Biomass

This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation and mapping through high-resolution optical satellite imagery (≤5 m spatial resolution). Based on the literature review, 44 peer-reviewed journal articles were published in 15 years (2004–2019). Twenty-one studies were conducted across six continents in Asia, eight in North America and Africa, five in South America, and four in Europe. This review article gives a glance at the published methodologies for AGB prediction modeling and validation. The literature review suggested that, along with the integration of other sensors, QuickBird, WorldView-2, and IKONOS satellite images were most widely used for AGB estimations, with higher estimation accuracies. All studies were grouped into six satellite-derived independent variables, including tree crown, image textures, tree shadow fraction, canopy height, vegetation indices, and multiple variables. Using these satellite-derived independent variables, most of the studies used linear regression (41%), while 30% used linear (multiple regression and 18% used non-linear (machine learning) regression, while very few (11%) studies used non-linear (multiple and exponential) regression for estimating AGB. In the context of global forest AGB estimations and monitoring, the advantages, strengths, and limitations were discussed to achieve better accuracy and transparency towards the performance-based payment mechanism of the REDD+ program. Apart from technical limitations, we realized that very few studies talked about real-time monitoring of AGB or quantifying AGB change, a dimension that needs exploration.

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