Nervous Control of Walking in the Cockroach

Local Anesthetics – Substances with Multiple Application in Medicine

European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejis.v4i1.p17-26 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Rodica Sîrbu ◽

Emin Cadar ◽

Cezar Laurențiu Tomescu ◽

Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽

Stelian Paris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Medical Care ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Short Duration ◽

Local Anesthetic ◽

Local Anesthetics ◽

Nerve Roots ◽

Nervous Control ◽

Painful Sensation ◽

Action Groups

Local anesthetics are substances which, by local action groups on the runners, cause loss of reversible a painful sensation, delimited corresponding to the application. They allow small surgery, short in duration and the endoscopic maneuvers. May be useful in soothe teething pain of short duration and in the locking of the nervous disorders in medical care. Local anesthesia is a process useful for the carrying out of surgery and of endoscopic maneuvers, to soothe teething pain in certain conditions, for depriving the temporary structures peripheral nervous control. Reversible locking of the transmission nociceptive, the set of the vegetative and with a local anesthetic at the level of the innervations peripheral nerve, roots and runners, a trunk nervous, around the components of a ganglion or coolant is cefalorahidian practice anesthesia loco-regional. Local anesthetics summary and semi-summary have multiple applications in dentistry, consulting, surgery and obstetrics, constituting "weapons" very useful in the fight against the pain.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Nervous control of the cerebrovascular system: doubts and facts.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718270370.793490758 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Ainslie

Keyword(s):

Nervous Control ◽

Cerebrovascular System

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Is the Cerebellum Involved in the Nervous Control of the Immune System Function?

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530319666191115144105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 546-557

Author(s):

Anna Rizzi ◽

Matteo Saccia ◽

Vincenzo Benagiano

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Endocrine Cells ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Hypothalamic Neurons ◽

Nervous Control ◽

Feedback Effects ◽

Parasympathetic System ◽

Visceral Systems ◽

Psychic Disorders ◽

Neuroendocrine Mechanisms

Background: According to the views of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, many interactions exist between nervous, endocrine and immune system the purpose of which is to achieve adaptive measures restoring an internal equilibrium (homeostasis) following stress conditions. The center where these interactions converge is the hypothalamus. This is a center of the autonomic nervous system that controls the visceral systems, including the immune system, through both the nervous and neuroendocrine mechanisms. The nervous mechanisms are based on nervous circuits that bidirectionally connect hypothalamic neurons and neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system; the neuroendocrine mechanisms are based on the release by neurosecretory hypothalamic neurons of hormones that target the endocrine cells and on the feedback effects of the hormones secreted by these endocrine cells on the same hypothalamic neurons. Moreover, the hypothalamus is an important subcortical center of the limbic system that controls through nervous and neuroendocrine mechanisms the areas of the cerebral cortex where the psychic functions controlling mood, emotions, anxiety and instinctive behaviors take place. Accordingly, various studies conducted in the last decades have indicated that hypothalamic diseases may be associated with immune and/or psychic disorders. Objective: Various researches have reported that the hypothalamus is controlled by the cerebellum through a feedback nervous circuit, namely the hypothalamocerebellar circuit, which bi-directionally connects regions of the hypothalamus, including the immunoregulatory ones, and related regions of the cerebellum. An objective of the present review was to analyze the anatomical bases of the nervous and neuroendocrine mechanisms for the control of the immune system and, in particular, of the interaction between hypothalamus and cerebellum to achieve the immunoregulatory function. Conclusion: Since the hypothalamus represents the link through which the immune functions may influence the psychic functions and vice versa, the cerebellum, controlling several regions of the hypothalamus, could be considered as a primary player in the regulation of the multiple functional interactions postulated by psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology.

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