Generation, Function, and Disposition of Chemical Mediators of the Mast Cell in Immediate Hypersensitivity

1977 ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Goetzl ◽  
K. Frank Austen
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Immediate Hypersensitivity ◽  
Generation Function ◽  
Chemical Mediators

In Vivo Cysteinyl Leukotriene Release in Allergic and Nonallergic Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions during Anesthesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Laroche ◽  
Pierre Léturgie ◽  
Delphine Mariotte ◽  
Yann Ollivier ◽  
Jean-Luc Hanouz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Immediate Hypersensitivity ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotriene ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Immediate hypersensitivity reactions occurring during anesthesia are classified as allergic when skin tests and mast cell tryptase are positive and as nonallergic when negative results are obtained. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are potent mediators synthesized by mast cell and eosinophil that induce bronchial constriction. They could play a role in hypersensitivity reactions. Methods cysLT C4, D4, and E4 concentrations were measured by a competition immunoassay in serial plasma samples obtained prospectively from 21 anesthetized controls and retrospectively from 34 patients who reacted at induction of anesthesia (24 with allergic and 10 with nonallergic reactions). Results In controls, the median (interquartile range) cysLT concentration was 0.83 (0.69 to 1.02) μg/l before anesthesia and was unchanged 30 min, 6 h, and 24 h afterward. In the patients with allergic reactions, the values were highly increased 30 to 60 min after the reaction (17.9 [7.8 to 36.0] μg/l), while the patients with nonallergic reactions had less increased values (7.3 [3.0 to 11.5] μg/l). The difference between the three groups was significant (P < 0.0001). Increased values persisted during the 24 h of observation. Concentrations were significantly higher in patients with bronchospasm (P = 0.016). Conclusions cysLTs appear to be an important mediator of allergic and nonallergic immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These findings might open a new field for management of patients with hypersensitivity reactions, especially nonallergic ones.

scholarly journals Potential prophylactic efficacy of mast cell stabilizers against COVID-19 vaccine-induced anaphylaxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuro Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Prophylactic Efficacy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Sudden Release ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Chemical Mediators

AbstractTo fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the vaccination is currently the most effective approach. However, in addition to common systemic side effects, the vaccines can cause serious allergic reactions or anaphylaxis. In anaphylaxis, the exposure to the allergen causes a sudden release of chemical mediators from mast cells, for which adrenaline is the drug of first choice. In our previous basic studies, in addition to adrenaline, anti-allergic drugs (olopatadine, loratadine, tranilast and ketotifen), antibiotics (clarithromycin), corticosteroids (hydrocortisone and dexamethasone) and certain food constituents (caffeine and catechin) inhibited the process of exocytosis and showed their effectiveness as highly potent mast cell stabilizers. In these studies, since mast cells were pre-incubated with these drugs or the food constituents before exocytosis was induced, the findings strongly indicated their prophylactic efficacy in stabilizing mast cells. Considering such pharmacological properties of these commonly prescribed medications or the food constituents, their prophylactic use may potentially be beneficial in preventing anaphylaxis caused by COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Macrophage inflammatory protein–1α as a costimulatory signal for mast cell–mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Miyazaki ◽  
Takao Nakamura ◽  
Masako Toda ◽  
Kam-Wa Cheung-Chau ◽  
Ricardo M. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Immediate Hypersensitivity ◽  
Costimulatory Signal ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

scholarly journals Mast Cell-Independent Mechanisms of Immediate Hypersensitivity: A Role for Platelets

2004 ◽  
Vol 172 (8) ◽  
pp. 4964-4971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Cara ◽  
Kirsten V. J. Ebbert ◽  
Donna-Marie McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Immediate Hypersensitivity

scholarly journals Anaphylaxis After the Covid-19 Vaccine in a Patient With Cholinergic Urticaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun J Park ◽  
Jay R Montgomery ◽  
Nathan A Boggs
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Immediate Hypersensitivity ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Cholinergic Urticaria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hypersensitivity Skin

ABSTRACT Cholinergic urticaria is a common disorder that has been associated with anaphylaxis. We report the events, workup, and eventual second dose vaccination of a patient at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, who had immediate anaphylaxis after administration of the first Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 (BNT162b2) vaccine dose. During the initial evaluation after anaphylaxis, the patient described a history of symptoms suspicious for cholinergic urticaria but had never had this condition confirmed with standardized testing. After the episode of anaphylaxis, we performed several studies including immediate hypersensitivity skin testing, which did not demonstrate vaccine or component sensitization. We then performed an exercise provocation challenge and confirmed the diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria. These results, combined with the patient history, suggested that the episode of anaphylaxis was most likely driven by a severe flare of cholinergic urticaria. After obtaining the patient’s consent, she received and tolerated her second dose without any objective findings of anaphylaxis. We conclude that patients with mast cell disorders or anaphylaxis after their first Covid-19 immunization will benefit from referral to an allergist since receipt of their second Covid-19 immunization may be possible.

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