Foot-and-mouth Disease in Wildlife with Particular Reference to the African Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)

1976 ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hedger
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe

1994 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dawe ◽  
F. Flanagan ◽  
R. Madekurozwa ◽  
K. Sorensen ◽  
E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Viral dynamics and immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Perez-Martin ◽  
Brianna Beechler ◽  
Katherine Scott ◽  
Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important livestock diseases restricting international trade. While it is clear that African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) act as the main wildlife reservoir, viral and immune response dynamics during FMD virus acute infection have not been described before in this species. We used experimental needle inoculation and contact infections with three Southern African Territories serotypes to assess clinical, virological and immunological dynamics for thirty days post infection. Clinical FMD in the needle inoculated buffaloes was mild and characterised by pyrexia. Despite the absence of generalised vesicles, all contact animals were readily infected with their respective serotypes within the first 2-9 days after being mixed with needle challenged buffaloes. Irrespective of the route of infection or serotype there were positive associations between the viral loads in blood and the induction of host innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins. Viral loads in blood and tonsils were tightly correlated during the acute phase of the infection, however, viraemia significantly declined after a peak at 4 days post infection (dpi), which correlated with the presence of detectable neutralising antibodies. In contrast, infectious virus was isolated in the tonsils until the last sampling point (30 dpi) in most animals. The pattern of virus detection in serum and tonsil swabs was similar for all three serotypes in the direct challenged and contact challenged animals. We have demonstrated for the first time, that African buffalo are indeed systemically affected by FMD virus and clinical FMD in buffalo is characterized by a transient pyrexia. Despite the lack of FMD lesions, infection of African buffalo was characterised by high viral loads in blood and oropharynx, rapid and strong host innate and adaptive immune responses and high transmissibility.

scholarly journals Characterisation of recent foot-and-mouth disease viruses from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle in Kenya is consistent with independent virus populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabenzia Wekesa ◽  
Abraham Sangula ◽  
Graham J Belsham ◽  
Kirsten Tjornehoj ◽  
Vincent B Muwanika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from carrier African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in Zimbabwe

1994 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dawe ◽  
K. Sorensen ◽  
N. Ferris ◽  
I. Barnett ◽  
R. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Persistent Infection of African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Limited Viral Evolution and No Evidence of Antibody Neutralization Escape

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martí Cortey ◽  
Luca Ferretti ◽  
Eva Pérez-Martín ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTAfrican buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are the principal “carrier” hosts of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Currently, the epithelia and lymphoid germinal centers of the oropharynx have been identified as sites for FMDV persistence. We carried out studies in FMDV SAT1 persistently infected buffaloes to characterize the diversity of viruses in oropharyngeal epithelia, germinal centers, probang samples (oropharyngeal scrapings), and tonsil swabs to determine if sufficient virus variation is generated during persistence for immune escape. Most sequencing reads of the VP1 coding region of the SAT1 virus inoculum clustered around 2 subpopulations differing by 22 single-nucleotide variants of intermediate frequency. Similarly, most sequences from oropharynx tissue clustered into two subpopulations, albeit with different proportions, depending on the day postinfection (dpi). There was a significant difference between the populations of viruses in the inoculum and in lymphoid tissue taken at 35 dpi. Thereafter, until 400 dpi, no significant variation was detected in the viral populations in samples from individual animals, germinal centers, and epithelial tissues. Deep sequencing of virus from probang or tonsil swab samples harvested prior to postmortem showed less within-sample variability of VP1 than that of tissue sample sequences analyzed at the same time. Importantly, there was no significant difference in the ability of sera collected between 14 and 400 dpi to neutralize the inoculum or viruses isolated at later time points in the study from the same animal. Therefore, based on this study, there is no evidence of escape from antibody neutralization contributing to FMDV persistent infection in African buffalo.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus of cloven-hoofed animals and is recognized as the most important constraint to international trade in animals and animal products. African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are efficient carriers of FMDV, and it has been proposed that new virus variants are produced in buffalo during the prolonged carriage after acute infection, which may spread to cause disease in livestock populations. Here, we show that despite an accumulation of low-frequency sequence variants over time, there is no evidence of significant antigenic variation leading to immune escape. Therefore, carrier buffalo are unlikely to be a major source of new virus variants.

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