Axillary Bud Development in Pea: Apical Dominance, Growth Cycles, Hormonal Regulation and Plant Architecture

1993 ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel P. Stafstrom
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Bud Development

Development of Axillary Buds from Johnsongrass Rhizomes

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Apical Meristems

Apical dominance, as maintained by above-ground foliage or individual rhizome apexes, is very marked in johnsongrass. (Sorghum halepense[L.] Pers.). Axillary bud development in single-node segments excised from individual rhizome pieces was least at the proximal end with increasing activity toward the distal end (apex end). Within serially excised, multi-node sections, axillary bud development was least at the proximal end and greatest at the distal end, and there was an overall increase in bud activity from proximal to distal ends of the rhizome pieces. This was true irrespective of whether the multi-node sections were cultured vertically (with buds oriented above the nodes) or were inverted (with buds oriented below the nodes). Lateral rhizomes exerted a dominating influence on the development of axillary buds from their parent rhizomes, as did the apical meristems of the parent rhizomes.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. e2004384118
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Xia ◽  
Han Dong ◽  
Yanling Yin ◽  
Xuewei Song ◽  
Xiaohua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Type B ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Bud Removal

The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.

Rates and Times at Which Needles are Initiated in Buds on Differing Provenances of Pinuscontorta and Piceasitchensis in Scotland

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. R. Cannell ◽  
S. C. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Apical Dome ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Terminal Buds

During 1973, bud formation was monitored by sampling terminal buds from the topmost branches on four provenances plus one interprovenance hybrid of 10-year-old Pinuscontorta, and five provenances of 8-year-old Piceasitchensis, all growing in forest trials in Scotland. On both species, extension growth occurred between late May and mid-July. On pine, buds began forming in April; about a third of next year's needles (axillary bud primordia) were formed before mid-July and all were formed by mid-September. On spruce, bud formation occurred from May to October.Northerly and inland montane provenances began producing primordia earlier in spring than southerly provenances, suggesting differences in temperature sensitivity. The dates when bud development ceased were more closely related to latitude of seed origin, suggesting differences in photoperiod sensitivity. Differences among pine provenances in total numbers of primordia formed were related to differences in maximum rates of initiation during the summer, whereas in spruce they were due to differences in seasonal duration. In all cases, rates of initiation were closely correlated with apical dome diameters. Implications are noted regarding conifer breeding and environment–genotype interactions.

scholarly journals Florigen is involved in axillary bud development at multiple stages inArabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e27167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Niwa ◽  
Motomu Endo ◽  
Takashi Araki
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Multiple Stages

scholarly journals Anatomical Differences of Axillary Bud Development in Blind Nodes and Normal Nodes in Peach

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unaroj Boonprakob ◽  
David H. Byrne ◽  
Dale M.J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Node Formation

Actively growing shoots of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were collected every 2 weeks throughout the 1989 growing season. The samples were sectioned longitudinally and transversely to observe axillary bud initiation, which occurred in all samples collected. Differentiation of axillary bud meristems from early season samples (mostly normal nodes) included apical and prophyll formation, with procambium connected to the stem procambium. Little to no differentiation of such structures occurred in the late-season samples (mostly blind nodes). Other results suggest that blind node formation is a consequence of a lack of bud differentiation rather than a failure of bud initiation.

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