Development of Axillary Buds from Johnsongrass Rhizomes

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Apical Meristems

Apical dominance, as maintained by above-ground foliage or individual rhizome apexes, is very marked in johnsongrass. (Sorghum halepense[L.] Pers.). Axillary bud development in single-node segments excised from individual rhizome pieces was least at the proximal end with increasing activity toward the distal end (apex end). Within serially excised, multi-node sections, axillary bud development was least at the proximal end and greatest at the distal end, and there was an overall increase in bud activity from proximal to distal ends of the rhizome pieces. This was true irrespective of whether the multi-node sections were cultured vertically (with buds oriented above the nodes) or were inverted (with buds oriented below the nodes). Lateral rhizomes exerted a dominating influence on the development of axillary buds from their parent rhizomes, as did the apical meristems of the parent rhizomes.

Growth of dormant buds on severed rhizomes of Calamagrostis canadensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Powelson ◽  
V. J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Base

The regeneration potential and dormancy of lateral buds on rhizome segments near the parent shoot base or the distal rhizome apex of Calamagrostis canadensis were assessed. Apical and basal segments of various length, with and without the parental shoot base or rhizome apex attached, were planted 1 cm deep in loam soil. When the apex or base was attached axillary buds on the rhizome usually remained dormant. When the parental shoot base was excised, the bud closest to the rhizome base was more likely to sprout than more distal buds. When the apex was excised from the apical segments, more axillary buds emerged but no priority of bud development arose. Buds near the apex position generally had a higher frequency of sprouting than buds adjacent to the parental base. Rhizome segments adjacent to the apex were heavier and had a higher nonstructural carbohydrate content than rhizome segments adjacent to the parental base. Key words: Calamagrostis canadensis, rhizome, dormancy, apical dominance, competition

Etude cinétique de quelques événements lies à une levée de dominance apicale par décapitation ou ablation de l'axe principal à différents niveaux chez la Tomate, Lycopersicum esculentum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Kim Anh Ha Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Different Levels

In intact tomato plants, axillary buds are completely inhibited by the main apex. A release from apical dominance is obtained by decapitation or excision of the main axis at different levels. These excisions lead to a wave of mitotic reactivation along the main stem which progresses in the basipetal way and is followed by an activation of axillary bud in the acropetal direction, from the base to the axillary bud apex. After release from apical dominance, axillary buds don't react equally. There is a basipetal gradient of their capacity of outgrowth. In the younger subapical axillary buds, mitotic reactivation is the first step observed (after 3 h); the cellular elongation occurs after 3–6 h, and foliar organogenesis begins only after 24 h. The basal axillary buds are reactivated much later. Adult leaves don't play any role on their axiliaries: the total defoliation of the plant does not lead to the outgrowth of all the axillary or cotyledonary buds.

scholarly journals 778 PB 392 AXILLARY BUD DEVELOPMENT OF `RED SAILS' POINSETTIA IS INHIBITED BY HIGH DAY TEMPERATURES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 544d-544
Author(s):  
James E. Faust ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Poor lateral branching sometimes occurs when certain poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivars are pinched. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of high temperatures on axillary bud development. In Expt. 1, `Red Sails' plants were grown in a high-temperature environment (HTE) of 27°C at night (8 hr) and 30°C (3 hr), 33°C (10 hr), and 30°C (3 hr) in the day for two months, then transferred to a 20°C environment. In Expt. 2, plants grown at 20°C were transferred into the same HTE described above for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 days and were then moved back into the 20°C environment. Axillary buds were examined for viability at the end of each experiment. In Expt. 1, only 8% of the lateral buds forming in the HTE were viable, while 80% of the buds forming in leaf axils of leaves unfolding after the plants were transferred to the 20°C environment were viable. In Expt. 2, 80% of buds produced in axils of the first four leaves to unfold after the start of the experiment were viable in all the treatments. However, the percentage of viable buds in the axils of leaf numbers 5 to 8 was 100, 100, 100, 96, 56, and 0 for the plants placed in the HTE for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days, respectively. These data indicate day temperatures of 30 to 33°C adversely affect lateral shoot development of `Red Sails' poinsettia.

scholarly journals Production Characteristics of High-quality Single-stem Roses

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 597a-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Axillary Bud Break ◽  
Stem Production ◽  
Production Characteristics

Commercial-quality cut roses were produced in a single-stem production system from single node cuttings. About 1800 rose cuttings in seven sequential crops were identified from 7500 cuttings grown from Feb. through May, 1995. More than 70% of the cut stems harvested from these cuttings were 46 to 75 cm long. Longer stem roses had significantly more nodes and grew from lower, older nodes than shorter rose stems. Longer stem roses required significantly more days to flower harvest because the number of days to axillary bud break was longer than for shorter rose stems. The number of days for rooting, days from axillary bud break to visible bud, and days from visible bud to flower harvest were similar in longer and shorter rose stems. Axillary buds began to grow before rooting in shorter stems and began to grow a mean of 8 days after rooting in the longest rose stems.

scholarly journals Axillary Bud Development of Poinsettia `Eckespoint Lilo' and `Eckespoint Red Sails' (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) Is Inhibited by High Temperatures

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Faust ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Lateral Shoots

The effect of temperature on axillary bud and lateral shoot development of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) `Eckespoint Lilo' and `Eckespoint Red Sails' was examined. Rooted `Eckespoint Lilo' cuttings were transplanted and placed into growth chambers maintained at 21, 24, 27, or 30 °C for 2 weeks before apex removal. The percentage of nodes developing lateral shoots after apex removal was 68%, 69%, 73%, or 76% at 21, 24, 27, or 30 °C, respectively. Cuttings were removed from the lateral shoots, rooted, and placed into a 21 °C greenhouse, and the apices were removed. The percentage of nodes developing into lateral shoots on cuttings taken from plants held at 21, 24, 27, and 30 °C were 74%, 65%, 66%, and 21%, respectively. Of the cuttings in the 30 °C treatment, 83% of the nodes not producing a lateral shoot had poorly developed axillary buds or no visible axillary bud development. Visual rating of axillary bud viability decreased from 100% to 0% when `Eckespoint Red Sails' plants were transferred from a 21 °C greenhouse to a greenhouse maintained at 27 °C night temperature and 30 °C for 3 hours followed by 33 °C for 10 hours and 30 °C for 3 hours during the 16-hour day. Transfer from the high-temperature greenhouse to a 21 °C greenhouse increased axillary bud viability from 0% to 95%. Axillary buds of leaves not yet unfolded were sensitive to high temperatures, whereas those of unfolded leaves (i.e., fully developed correlatively inhibited buds) were not. Sixteen consecutive days in the high-temperature treatment were required for axillary bud development of `Eckespoint Red Sails' to be inhibited.

scholarly journals Experiments on growth and inhibition. I.—The increase of inhibition with distance

1931 ◽  
Vol 108 (756) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Young Leaves

Experiments were recently reported showing that, in young seedlings of Pisum sativum , the complete inhibiting effect which the shoot exerts upon its axillary buds comes entirely or almost entirely from three or four of its developing leave acting together (6). A single developing leaf was found usually to inhibit only partially—that is to say, sufficiently to delay the growth of an axillary bud below it, but not to check it completely. The strength of this partial inhibiting effect was measured by the retardation of the outgrowth of the axillary buds of the first or lowest leaf, as compared with their growth in completely defoliated controls. Comparisons were further made of the inhibiting effects of single young leaves of equal sizes near the apex in seedlings of different ages and heights, and it was found that in very young short seedlings the inhibiting effect was very slight or inappreciable, although in seedlings of a height of about 30 mm. or more (but still possessing well filled cotyledons) the effect was strong.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. e2004384118
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Xia ◽  
Han Dong ◽  
Yanling Yin ◽  
Xuewei Song ◽  
Xiaohua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Type B ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Bud Removal

The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.

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