Effects of Changes in Breathing Pattern on the Sensation of Dyspnea during Inspiratory Loaded Breathing

1992 ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kikuchi ◽  
M. Sakurai ◽  
W. Hida ◽  
S. Okabe ◽  
Y. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Loaded Breathing

The breathing pattern and heart rates of Alligator sinensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhao-Xian ◽  
Ning-Zhen Sun ◽  
Wei-Ping Mao ◽  
Jie-Ping Chen ◽  
Gong-Qing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Alligator Sinensis

N-acetylcysteine administration alters the response to inspiratory loading in oxygen-supplemented rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Supinski ◽  
D. Stofan ◽  
R. Ciufo ◽  
A. Dimarco
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Loaded Breathing

Supinski, G. S., D. Stofan, R. Ciufo, and A. DiMarco. N-acetylcysteine administration alters the response to inspiratory loading in oxygen-supplemented rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1119–1125, 1997.—Based on recent studies, it has been suggested that free radicals are elaborated in the respiratory muscles during strenuous contractions and contribute to the development of muscle fatigue. If this theory is correct, then it should be possible to attenuate the development of diaphragm fatigue and/or delay the onset of respiratory failure during loaded breathing by administering a free radical scavenger. The purpose of the present experiment was, therefore, to examine the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger and glutathione precursor, on the evolution of respiratory failure in decerebrate unanesthetized rats breathing against a large inspiratory resistive load. We compared the inspiratory volume and pressure generation over time in animals pretreated with either saline or NAC (150 mg/kg) and then loaded until respiratory arrest. After arrest, the diaphragm was excised, and samples were assayed for reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione. As a control, we also assessed respiratory function and glutathione concentrations in groups of nonloaded saline- and NAC-treated animals. We found that NAC-treated animals were able to tolerate loading better than the saline-treated group, maintaining higher inspiratory pressures and sustaining higher inspired volumes. Administration of NAC also increased the time that animals could tolerate loading before the development of respiratory arrest. In addition, although saline-treated loaded animals had significant reductions in diaphragmatic GSH levels compared with unloaded controls, the magnitude of this reduction was blunted by NAC administration (i.e., GSH averaged 965 ± 113, 568 ± 83, 907 ± 39, and 784 ± 61 nmol/g for unloaded-saline, loaded-saline, unloaded-NAC, and loaded-NAC groups, P< 0.05, with the value for the loaded-saline group lower than the values for the two unloaded groups; GSH for the loaded-NAC group was not different, however, from unloaded controls). These data demonstrate that administration of NAC, a free radical scavenger, slows the rate of development of respiratory failure during inspiratory resistive loading.

Psychosomatic symptoms and breathing pattern

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N Han ◽  
R Schepers ◽  
K Stegen ◽  
O Van den Bergh ◽  
K.P Van de Woestijne
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms

scholarly journals Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

2001 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lucía ◽  
Jesús Hoyos ◽  
Javier Pardo ◽  
José L. Chicharro
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Breathing Pattern

Ineffective breathing pattern in children with congenital heart disease: definitions and outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Martins da Silva ◽  
Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Thelma Leite de Araujo ◽  
Beatriz Amorim Beltrão ◽  
Nirla Gomes Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Breathing Pattern

Influence of prior ventilatory experience on the estimation of breathlessness during exercise

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Wilson ◽  
P. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Loaded Breathing ◽  
Inspiratory Load

1. The intensity of breathlessness was measured during exercise in nine normal subjects using a modified Borg scale to examine the effect of prior experience of breathlessness on subsequent estimates of breathlessness. 2. Each subject performed four exercise tests, each of which consisted of two identical runs of workload incrementation (run 1 and run 2). An inspiratory resistive load of 3.8 cmH2O s−1 l−1 was applied during the appropriate run of the exercise test to examine the effect of (a) prior experience of ‘loaded’ breathing on breathlessness estimation during ‘unloaded’ breathing, and (b) prior experience of ‘unloaded’ breathing on breathlessness estimation during ‘loaded’ breathing. Run 1 was the conditioning run; run 2 was the run in which the effect of conditioning was measured. 3. There was a good correlation between breathlessness and minute ventilation during both unloaded’ breathing (median r = 0.93) and ‘loaded’ breathing (median r = 0.95). 4. The slope of the Borg score/minute ventilation relationship was greater during ‘loaded’ breathing than during ‘unloaded’ breathing (P < 0.01). There was no difference in mean Borg score between ‘unloaded’ and ‘loaded’ breathing. 5. After a period of ‘loaded’ breathing during run 1, estimated breathlessness was significantly reduced during ensuing ‘unloaded’ breathing in run 2 (P < 0.01) compared with the exercise test in which ‘unloaded’ breathing was experienced throughout both run 1 and run 2. 6. After a period of ‘unloaded’ breathing in run 1, estimated breathlessness was significantly increased during ensuing ‘loaded’ breathing in run 2 (P < 0.01) compared with the exercise test in which the inspiratory load had already been experienced in run 1. 7. Changes in the pattern of breathing (inspiratory time, expiratory time, total breath duration, inspiration time/total breath duration ratio and tidal volume) were not consistent with the changes in breathlessness. 8. We suggest that perception of breathlessness may be influenced by a subject's immediate prior experience of an altered relationship between breathlessness and ventilation.

scholarly journals Altered Breathing Pattern and Tachycardia in Young Lambs Exposed To Nicotine Prenatally

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 31A-31A
Author(s):  
H W Sundell ◽  
O Hafström ◽  
P A Minton ◽  
S Poole ◽  
J Milerad
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern
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