Reversed Somatotopical Representations in the Subthalamic Nucleus as Revealed by Cortical Inputs from the Primary Motor Cortex and the Supplementary Motor Area

1996 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nambu ◽  
Masahiko Takada ◽  
Hironobu Tokuno ◽  
Masahiko Inase
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Cortical Inputs

Differential activity patterns of putaminal neurons with inputs from the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area in behaving monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1203-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayuki Takara ◽  
Nobuhiko Hatanaka ◽  
Masahiko Takada ◽  
Atsushi Nambu
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Cortical Inputs ◽  
Behaving Monkeys ◽  
Increased Activity

Activity patterns of projection neurons in the putamen were investigated in behaving monkeys. Stimulating electrodes were implanted chronically into the proximal (MIproximal) and distal (MIdistal) forelimb regions of the primary motor cortex (MI) and the forelimb region of the supplementary motor area (SMA). Cortical inputs to putaminal neurons were identified by excitatory orthodromic responses to stimulation of these motor cortices. Then, neuronal activity was recorded during the performance of a goal-directed reaching task with delay. Putaminal neurons with inputs from the MI and SMA showed different activity patterns, i.e., movement- and delay-related activity, during task performance. MI-recipient neurons increased activity in response to arm-reach movements, whereas SMA-recipient neurons increased activity during delay periods, as well as during movements. The activity pattern of MI + SMA-recipient neurons was of an intermediate type between those of MI- and SMA-recipient neurons. Approximately one-half of MIproximal-, SMA-, and MI + SMA-recipient neurons changed activities before the onset of movements, whereas a smaller number of MIdistal- and MIproximal + distal-recipient neurons did. Movement-related activity of MI-recipient neurons was modulated by target directions, whereas SMA- and MI + SMA-recipient neurons had a lower directional selectivity. MI-recipient neurons were located mainly in the ventrolateral part of the caudal aspect of the putamen, whereas SMA-recipient neurons were located in the dorsomedial part. MI + SMA-recipient neurons were found in between. The present results suggest that a subpopulation of putaminal neurons displays specific activity patterns depending on motor cortical inputs. Each subpopulation receives convergent or nonconvergent inputs from the MI and SMA, retains specific motor information, and sends it to the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra through the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia.

Corticospinal Tract Microstructure Correlates With Beta Oscillatory Activity in the Primary Motor Cortex After Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schulz ◽  
Marlene Bönstrup ◽  
Stephanie Guder ◽  
Jingchun Liu ◽  
Benedikt Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Premotor Area ◽  
Beta Power

Background and Purpose: Cortical beta oscillations are reported to serve as robust measures of the integrity of the human motor system. Their alterations after stroke, such as reduced movement-related beta desynchronization in the primary motor cortex, have been repeatedly related to the level of impairment. However, there is only little data whether such measures of brain function might directly relate to structural brain changes after stroke. Methods: This multimodal study investigated 18 well-recovered patients with stroke (mean age 65 years, 12 males) by means of task-related EEG and diffusion-weighted structural MRI 3 months after stroke. Beta power at rest and movement-related beta desynchronization was assessed in 3 key motor areas of the ipsilesional hemisphere that are the primary motor cortex (M1), the ventral premotor area and the supplementary motor area. Template trajectories of corticospinal tracts (CST) originating from M1, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area were used to quantify the microstructural state of CST subcomponents. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to relate tract-related mean fractional anisotropy to EEG measures. Results: In the present cohort, we detected statistically significant reductions in ipsilesional CST fractional anisotropy but no alterations in EEG measures when compared with healthy controls. However, in patients with stroke, there was a significant association between both beta power at rest ( P =0.002) and movement-related beta desynchronization ( P =0.003) in M1 and fractional anisotropy of the CST specifically originating from M1. Similar structure-function relationships were neither evident for ventral premotor area and supplementary motor area, particularly with respect to their CST subcomponents originating from premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, in patients with stroke nor in controls. Conclusions: These data suggest there might be a link connecting microstructure of the CST originating from M1 pyramidal neurons and beta oscillatory activity, measures which have already been related to motor impairment in patients with stroke by previous reports.

Comparison of Neural Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area and in the Primary Motor Cortex in Monkeys

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Dao-fen ◽  
B. Hyland ◽  
V. Maier ◽  
A. Palmeri ◽  
M. Wiesendanger
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area

scholarly journals The BOLD response in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area during kinesthetic motor imagery based graded fMRI neurofeedback

NeuroImage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M.A. Mehler ◽  
Angharad N. Williams ◽  
Florian Krause ◽  
Michael Lührs ◽  
Richard G. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Bold Response
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