Roller Ski Rolling Resistance and its Effects on Elite Athletes’ Performance (P225)

The Engineering of Sport 7 ◽

10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_49 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 393-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mats Ainegren ◽

Peter Carlsson ◽

Mats Tinnsten

Keyword(s):

Elite Athletes ◽

Rolling Resistance

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Roller ski rolling resistance and its effects on elite athletes’ performance

Sports Engineering ◽

10.1007/s12283-009-0016-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 143-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mats Ainegren ◽

Peter Carlsson ◽

Mats Tinnsten

Keyword(s):

Elite Athletes ◽

Rolling Resistance

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Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163332 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 174-175

Author(s):

P. Sadhukhan ◽

J. B. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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