Creating a Socialist Society and Quantification in the USSR

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_2 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-70

Author(s):

Martine Mespoulet

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

Well Being ◽

Socialist Society ◽

Core Element ◽

Support Tool ◽

State Action ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Political Decisions

AbstractWhen it came to power, the Bolshevik government based the legitimacy of its action on the scientific nature of its decisions, figures being a core element. Political decisions were to be based on science, for the well-being of everyone and the fulfilment of the communist plan to create a new society and human being. Statistics, an information and decision-support tool, became now also an instrument of power to prove the soundness of state action. This raised severe tensions and repression, between statisticians following recommendations of international statistics congresses, and the new government. For the duty of statisticians was to formulate a new theory of statistics and new methods and tools. Characterizing some of these, the chapter carves out the specific nature of the Soviet Union.

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A systematic conservation planning approach to maintaining ecosystem service provision in working landscapes

FACETS ◽

10.1139/facets-2020-0100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1570-1600

Author(s):

Jérôme Cimon-Morin ◽

Jean-Olivier Goyette ◽

Poliana Mendes ◽

Stéphanie Pellerin ◽

Monique Poulin

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Decision Support ◽

Conservation Planning ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

Well Being ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Systematic Conservation Planning ◽

Support Tool ◽

Working Landscapes ◽

Trade Offs

Balancing human well-being with the maintenance of ecosystem services (ES) for future generations has become one of the central sustainability challenges of the 21st century. In working landscapes, past and ongoing production-centered objectives have resulted in the conversion of ecosystems into simple land-use types, which has also altered the provision of most ES. These inevitable trade-offs between the efficient production of individual provisioning ES and the maintenance of regulating and cultural ES call for the development of a land-use strategy based on the multifunctional use of the landscape. Due to the heterogeneous nature of working landscapes, both protection and restoration actions are needed to improve their multifunctionality. Systematic conservation planning (SCP) offers a decision support framework that can support landscape multifunctionality by indicating where ES management efforts should be implemented. We describe an approach that we developed to include ES provision protection and restoration objectives in SCP with the goal of providing ongoing benefits to society. We explain the general framework of this approach and discuss concepts, challenges, innovations, and prospects for the further development of a comprehensive decision support tool. We illustrate our approach with two case studies implemented in the pan-Canadian project ResNet.

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A Holistic Decision Support Tool for Facade Design

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings9080186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kültür ◽

Türkeri ◽

Knaack

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

Well Being ◽

Point Of View ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Design Decision ◽

Functional Requirements ◽

Support Tool ◽

Acoustic Comfort

This paper presents a holistic decision support tool developed for use during the early stages of facade design. The tool is based on the interdependent relationships between facade performance, facade parameters, and conditions (environmental and spatial). It assumes that a decision maker has the ability to enhance the performance of a facade by making proper decisions on the design parameters in line with the conditions. However, since facade performance has various aspects (sometimes conflicting) to be considered at once, it is hard to predict the impacts of decisions on the overall performance. A single design decision may increase the performance in one aspect while decreasing it in other aspects. The tool aims to function as a guide to decision makers by indicating the impacts of design decisions on different functional aspects of facade performance from a holistic point of view. Functional requirements included within the tool are safety requirements such as structural stability and fire protection, health-related requirements such as weather protection (protection against water, air, and moisture), and requirements related to the well-being of the users such as thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort. Information provided in the tool is based upon an extensive literature review and structured as an Excel spreadsheet.

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