Adaptive Prediction of Hip Joint Center from X-ray Images Using Generalized Regularized Extreme Learning Machine and Globalized Bounded Nelder-Mead Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Fuchang Han ◽  
Shenghui Liao ◽  
Yiyong Jiang ◽  
Shu Liu ◽  
Yuqian Zhao ◽  
...  
2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. McGibbon ◽  
J. Fowler ◽  
S. Chase ◽  
K. Steeves ◽  
J. Landry ◽  
...  

Accurate hip joint center (HJC) location is critical when studying hip joint biomechanics. The HJC is often determined from anatomical methods, but functional methods are becoming increasingly popular. Several studies have examined these methods using simulations and in vivo gait data, but none has studied high-range of motion activities, such a chair rise, nor has HJC prediction been compared between males and females. Furthermore, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) marker visibility during chair rise can be problematic, requiring a sacral cluster as an alternative proximal segment; but functional HJC has not been explored using this approach. For this study, the quality of HJC measurement was based on the joint gap error (JGE), which is the difference in global HJC between proximal and distal reference segments. The aims of the present study were to: (1) determine if JGE varies between pelvic and sacral referenced HJC for functional and anatomical methods, (2) investigate which functional calibration motion results in the lowest JGE and if the JGE varies depending on movement type (gait versus chair rise) and gender, and (3) assess whether the functional HJC calibration results in lower JGE than commonly used anatomical approaches and if it varies with movement type and gender. Data were collected on 39 healthy adults (19 males and 20 females) aged 14–50 yr old. Participants performed four hip “calibration” tests (arc, cross, star, and star-arc), as well as gait and chair rise (activities of daily living (ADL)). Two common anatomical methods were used to estimate HJC and were compared to HJC computed using a published functional method with the calibration motions above, when using pelvis or sacral cluster as the proximal reference. For ADL trials, functional methods resulted in lower JGE (12–19 mm) compared to anatomical methods (13–34 mm). It was also found that women had significantly higher JGE compared to men and JGE was significantly higher for chair rise compared to gait, across all methods. JGE for sacrum referenced HJC was consistently higher than for the pelvis, but only by 2.5 mm. The results indicate that dynamic hip range of movement and gender are significant factors in HJC quality. The findings also suggest that a rigid sacral cluster for HJC estimation is an acceptable alternative for relying solely on traditional pelvis markers.


2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Piazza ◽  
Ahmet Erdemir ◽  
Noriaki Okita ◽  
Peter R. Cavanagh

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2168-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolo M. Fiorentino ◽  
Michael J. Kutschke ◽  
Penny R. Atkins ◽  
K. Bo Foreman ◽  
Ashley L. Kapron ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus O. Heller ◽  
Stefan Kratzenstein ◽  
Rainald M. Ehrig ◽  
Georgi Wassilew ◽  
Georg N. Duda ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Budi Nugroho ◽  
Eva Yulia Puspaningrum

<p class="Abstrak">Saat ini banyak dikembangkan proses pendeteksian pneumonia berdasarkan citra paru-paru dari hasil foto rontgen (x-ray), sebagaimana juga dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah <em>Convolutional Neural Network</em> (CNN) dengan arsitektur yang berbeda dengan sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memodifikasi model CNN dimana metode <em>Extreme Learning Machine</em> (ELM) digunakan pada bagian klasifikasi, yang kemudian disebut CNN-ELM. Dataset untuk uji coba menggunakan kumpulan citra paru-paru hasil foto rontgen pada Kaggle yang terdiri atas 1.583 citra normal dan 4.237 citra pneumonia. Citra asal pada dataset kaggle ini bervariasi, tetapi hampir semua diatas ukuran 1000x1000 piksel. Ukuran citra yang besar ini dapat membuat pemrosesan klasifikasi kurang efektif, sehingga mesin CNN biasanya memodifikasi ukuran citra menjadi lebih kecil. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi ukuran citra input, untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja mesin pengklasifikasi. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa ukuran citra input berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi yang menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Pada ukuran citra input 200x200, metode CNN dan CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja paling tinggi. Jika kinerja kedua metode itu dibandingkan, maka Metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada CNN pada semua skenario uji coba. Pada kondisi kinerja paling tinggi, selisih akurasi antara metode CNN-ELM dan CNN mencapai 8,81% dan selisih F1 Score mencapai 0,0729. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi penting bahwa ukuran citra input memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Selain itu, pada semua ukuran citra input yang digunakan untuk proses klasifikasi, metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada metode CNN.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>This research developed a pneumonia detection machine based on the lungs' images from X-rays (x-rays). The method used is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a different architecture from some previous research. Also, the CNN model is modified, where the classification process uses the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which is then called the CNN-ELM method. The empirical experiments dataset used a collection of lung x-ray images on Kaggle consisting of 1,583 normal images and 4,237 pneumonia images. The original image's size on the Kaggle dataset varies, but almost all of the images are more than 1000x1000 pixels. For classification processing to be more effective, CNN machines usually use reduced-size images. In this research, experiments were carried out with various input image sizes to determine the effect on the classifier's performance. The experimental results show that the input images' size has a significant effect on the classification performance of pneumonia, both the CNN and CNN-ELM classification methods. At the 200x200 input image size, the CNN and CNN-ELM methods showed the highest performance. If the two methods' performance is compared, then the CNN-ELM Method shows better performance than CNN in all test scenarios. The difference in accuracy between the CNN-ELM and CNN methods reaches 8.81% at the highest performance conditions, and the difference in F1-Score reaches 0.0729. This research provides important information that the size of the input image has a major influence on the classification performance of pneumonia, both classification using the CNN and CNN-ELM methods. Also, on all input image sizes used for the classification process, the CNN-ELM method shows better performance than the CNN method.</em></p>


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