«CHILDREN OF THE OCCUPATION» – EXILES OF POSTWAR SOCIETIES

The purpose of this scientific investigation is to analyze the postwar life of children born to enemy soldiers during World War II. The attitude of postwar societies and governments to them. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the application of the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematics, objectivity. The use of historical-comparative, historical-systemic, and functional methods allowed the author to investigate the process of the problem of «children of occupation», to compare the attitudes of societies and governments in different warring countries and attempts to resolve the issue. Scientific novelty of the research. In the article, for the first time, on the basis of the existing domestic and foreign narrative, an attempt is made to cover the problem of «children of occupation», which was quite acute in the first postwar years in many European countries and the USSR. A number of problems that children born to soldiers of enemy armies and their mothers had to face were revealed. Conclusions. It was found that the «children of occupation» were usually doomed to be stigmatized by society, which distorted their future life solely due to the factor of fatherhood. There was hatred for the parents-invaders, and complexes of guilt and inferiority (especially if the children were born of different races). That is, children who should not be held accountable for their parents' actions had to be patient only because their parents were soldiers of the enemy army. For many «children of occupation» in Europe, the search for a father became the goal of their lives.

Anti-corruption mechanism in Ukraine: content actualization under the conditions of normative innovations

The aim of the investigation was to determine the most appropriate avenues for further implementation of the European concept of anti-corruption. To carry out this article, general and special research methods have been applied, such as systems analysis, dialectical, formal logical and structural functional methods, as well as a series of empirical methods. Statistical analysis has been used to demonstrate anti-corruption measures, undertaken in 2016 - 2020. The anti-corruption mechanism has been analyzed through the prism of combined institutional and instrumental systems, with the aim of preventing corruption. The priorities for transforming the anti-corruption mechanism have been defined as follows: (a) increased accountability for corruption offences; (b) introduction and appropriate application of corruption detection tools. It is concluded that the current trend demonstrates a decline in the implementation of anti-corruption preventive tools in Ukraine due to the following factors: change of the vector of public interest towards compliance with anti-Covid-19 measures, destabilization of authority and lack of collaboration between authorized subjects in solving corruption problems.

Functional Potential of the Activity of the NGO Ukrainian Library Association for the Development of Library Studies

The article is devoted to disclosing the functional potential of the Ukrainian Library Association (UBA) as an open professional organization that focuses its efforts on developing librarianship in Ukraine and strengthening the democratic foundations of social development in the country. The use of a set of research methods, the main of which were socio-communicative, systemic and functional methods, as well as empirical methods of inclusive and external observation, led to consideration of ULA and its activities from the standpoint of fulfilling its obligations, its compliance with library community expectations. Implementing certain functions of the ULA and its activities is revealed as a system of interconnected forms and tools that complement each other, enhancing the final effect. The creation of the ULA is considered as a response of the professional community to the need to solve certain tasks and implement a number of functions in relation to the development of the national library business and society as a whole. For the first time, the functioning of UBA as an open adaptive leadership organization that implements organizational, mobilization-motivating, communication-coordination, information, educational, scientific-methodical, consolidating, representative, advocacy, compensatory functions is substantiated. The content of these functions is revealed. The purpose of the compensatory function is to provide libraries with the necessary theoretical and practical basis for the effective implementation of promising areas of activity in the absence of relevant approved guidelines at the national level. It was found that from the beginning of the ULA the statutory documents of the organization did not provide for the implementation of the compensatory function. Still, during the development of the association and expressing its focus on prompt and effective solutions to current problems in library development, its implementation became an important vector of the ULA.

Steps toward Rationalization of the Enantiomeric Excess of the Sakurai–Hosomi–Denmark Allylation Catalyzed by Biisoquinoline N,N’-Dioxides Using Computations

Allylation reactions of aldehydes are chemical transformations of fundamental interest, as they give direct access to chiral homoallylic alcohols. In this work, we focus on the full computational characterization of the catalytic activity of substituted biisoquinoline-N,N’-dioxides for the allylation of 2-naphthaldehyde. We characterized the structure of all transition states as well as identified the π stacking interactions that are responsible for their relative energies. Motivated by disagreement with the experimental results, we also performed an assessment of 34 different density functional methods, with the goal of assessing DFT as a general tool for understanding this chemistry. We found that the DFT results are generally consistent as long as functionals that correctly account for dispersion interactions are used. However, agreement with the experimental results is not always guaranteed. We suggest the need for a careful synergy between computations and experiments to correctly interpret the data and use them as a design tool for new and improved asymmetric catalysts.

Higher spin glueballs from functional methods

We calculate the glueball spectrum for spin up to $$J=$$ J = 4 and positive charge parity in pure Yang–Mills theory. We construct the full bases for $$J=$$ J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and discuss the relation to gauge invariant operators. Using a fully self-contained truncation of Dyson–Schwinger equations as input, we obtain ground states and first and second excited states from extrapolations of the eigenvalue curves. Where available, we find good quantitative agreement with lattice results

Compositional Technique as a Language Mechanism: from Rule to Sound

Relevance of the study. lies in study of the concept of “compositional technique”, identifying its specificity as a linguistic mechanism. The technique of composition is functioning between language and text and thereby finds its concretization at the level of the composer, his thinking and style. In the typological similarity of the elements of each technique and, at the same time, in constant renewal, the understanding of the composition technique as a tradition is manifested, which seems essential for understanding the development of music in the 20th — early 21st centuries. The analysis of technique reveals its participation in the process of transition of language into speech at the moment of creating a certain work, which is also extremely important in modern musical culture. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian musicology composition techniques have been analyzed in the aspect of language and the functioning of technology as a linguistic mechanism has been investigated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of the composition technique as a linguistic mechanism, the peculiarities of its functioning in the creative process in the linguistic aspect, to consider typical techniques in well-known established techniques as the corresponding rules for the embodiment and development of the material. Methods. The research is based on systemic and functional methods. The results and conclusions. The study of the composition technique in the aspect of the musical language allows us to renew our understanding of its specifics. The moment of selection of parts and the rules for their further combination emphasize the “general” nature of the composition technique. Being between language and text, technology functions as a linguistic mechanism, out of all the variety of a huge number of elements of the language, choosing only “its own” number, limits and concretizes the possible combination of these elements. The systemic nature of the compositional technique determines the functionality of the parts of each technique. With all the difference in established techniques, it is the functionality of the elements that reveals the general nature and similarity of processes in each technique. Significance of these results consists in the statement of the fact that reception in technology due to repetition and recognizability becomes the rule, offering options for its embodiment. The typing of techniques is very important for the composition technique. Simultaneously, each new incarnation of this technique renews and develops it.

Convergence on Population Dynamics and High-Dimensional Haddock Conjecture

One fundamental step towards grasping the global dynamic structure of a population system involves characterizing the convergence behavior (specifically, how to characterize the convergence behavior). This paper focuses on the neutral functional differential equations arising from population dynamics. With the help of monotonicity techniques and functional methods, we analyze the subtle relations of both the ω-limited set and special point. Meanwhile, we prove that every bounded solution converges to a constant vector, as t tends to positive infinity. Our results correlate with the findings from earlier publications, and our proof yields an improved Haddock conjecture.

The right to a justice court: implementation of the practice of the European Court of human rights in the Ukrainian judiciary

The purpose of this study is to reveal the content of the right to a fair trial and the state of its provision in Ukraine through the prism of court decisions of Ukrainian courts of various instances and the relevant practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The methodological basis of the study is a set of philosophical and ideological, general and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge, including dialectical, systemic, structural and functional methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. It is identified that the right to a fair trial in legal science, judicial practice is considered in its constituent elements and relevant manifestations, including fairness and publicity of the trial, compliance with the signs of independence, impartiality, legality, observance of the rule of law, equality of participants, and proceedings within reasonable time limits. Each of the elements, mentioned and features of the right to a fair trial is subject to appropriate interpretation in the context of the relevant decisions of the European Court of Human Rights during the review of case materials in national courts of the signatory states to the Convention.