Impacts of Agriculture in Latin America: Problems and Solutions

AbstractWater crises in Latin America are more a consequence of poor management than resource scarcity. Addressing water management issues through better coordination, identification of problems and solutions, and agreement on common objectives to operationalize integrated water resources management (IWRM) could greatly improve water governance in the region. Composite indices have great potential to help overcome capacity and information challenges while supporting better IWRM. We applied one such index, the Freshwater Health Index (FHI) in three river basins in Latin America (Alto Mayo, Perú; Bogotá, Colombia; and Guandu, Brazil) to assess freshwater ecosystem vitality, ecosystem services, and the water governance system in place. The approach included convening management agencies, water utilities, planning authorities, local NGOs and industries, community groups and researchers to co-implement the FHI. The results provide detailed information on the ecological integrity of each basin and the sustainability of the ecosystem services being provided. All three basins show very low scores for governance and stakeholder engagement, thus improving both in the region should be a priority. The results also shed light on how the FHI framework can help inform decision-making to improve IWRM implementation by facilitating stakeholder engagement while contributing to coordination, identification of problems and solutions as well as agreement on common objectives. Because implementation of IWRM is part of the solution for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.5 (“By 2030, implement IWRM at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate”), our case studies can serve as examples to other Latin American countries to achieve SDG 6.5.

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Language Policy and Ideology in Latin America

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0030 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rainer Enrique Hamel

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Foreign Language ◽

Language Ideologies ◽

Educational Systems ◽

South American ◽

Language Policies ◽

Problems And Solutions ◽

Integrated Interpretation ◽

Micro Level ◽

Language And Education

This chapter focuses on language policies in the domains of bi- and multilingualism, and the associated language ideologies that contrast mono- and multilingual with plurilingual orientations. It looks at the ways in which language policies and ideologies intervene in the educational systems and options in Latin America. First, the chapter outlines the history and some general characteristics of the indigenous and the immigrant educational settings with regard to the macro level of policy and the micro level of curriculum. Then, it looks at some basic differences, as well as shared problems and solutions, in order to develop an integrated interpretation of language and education policy in Latin America. Next, the chapter explores what solutions different countries and regions offer to the challenges of globalization, from new foreign-language policies and primary education bilingual programmes to South American integration based on massive bilingualism of the main state languages.

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Política com paixão. A filosofia da libertação de Enrique Dussel

Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas ◽

10.21057/repam.v8i2.12610 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Simone Rodrigues Pinto ◽

Erivan Raposo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Latin America ◽

Political Science ◽

Latin American ◽

The Political ◽

Political Debate ◽

Problems And Solutions ◽

Enrique Dussel ◽

Philosophy Of Liberation ◽

America Latina

Resumo O presente artigo propõe-se apresentar o pensamento do filósofo Enrique Dussel, autor central da reflexão política em muitos países da hispano-américa, embora pouco discutido no Brasil. Sua insistência em um discurso legitimamente latino-americano faz dele um autor fundamental para entendermos os problemas e as soluções pensadas fora dos grandes Centros, como Europa e Estados Unidos. O enfoque principal será em sua filosofia da libertação e nos desafios lançados para a ciência e sociologia política.Palavras-ChaveFilosofia da libertação, América Latina, ética, política, Dussel.--- AbstractThis article intends to present the thought of the philosopher Enrique Dussel, important author of the political debate in many countries of Hispanic America, though less recognized in Brazil. He seeks a though properly Latin American to reflect on the problems and solutions to the continent, designed outside of major academic centers such as Europe and United States. The main focus will be on his philosophy of liberation and the challenges posed to social and political science. KeywordsPhilosophy of Liberation, Latin America, Ethics, Politics, Dussel ---Resumé: Cet article présente l'oeuvre de Enrique Dussel. Ce philosophe se retrouve au coeur de la réflexion politique des pays hispanophones de l'Amérique latine, mais il est encore peu débatu au Brésil. Son insistance à travailler un discours proprement latino-américain en fait un auteur incontournable pour la compréhension des problèmes et solutions pensés hors des grands centres, tels l'Europe et les États-Unis. L'accent sera mis sur la philosophie de la libération et sur les défis rencontrés par la science et la sociologie politique.Mots-clésPhilosophie de la libération, Amérique latine, éthique, politique, Dussel.

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The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x13009850 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 102-129

Author(s):

ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽

EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

El Salvador ◽

Early Years ◽

Left Wing ◽

Internal Dynamics ◽

Internal Coherence ◽

The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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