Pattern Separation: A Key Processing Deficit Associated with Aging?

2015 ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Gilbert ◽  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
David P. Sheppard ◽  
Andrea M. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Processing Deficit

The Effect of Immature Neurons on Spatial Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Cultured Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
pp. 814-815
Author(s):  
Fumika Moriya ◽  
Kenta Shimba ◽  
Kiyoshi Kotani ◽  
Yasuhiko Jimbo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Immature Neurons ◽  
Spatial Pattern Separation

Children show adult-like hippocampal pattern separation for familiar but not novel events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Benear ◽  
Elizabeth A. Horwath ◽  
Emily Cowan ◽  
M. Catalina Camacho ◽  
Chi Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Pattern Similarity

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) undergoes critical developmental change throughout childhood, which aligns with developmental changes in episodic memory. We used representational similarity analysis to compare neural pattern similarity for children and adults in hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex during naturalistic viewing of clips from the same movie or different movies. Some movies were more familiar to participants than others. Neural pattern similarity was generally lower for clips from the same movie, indicating that related content taxes pattern separation-like processes. However, children showed this effect only for movies with which they were familiar, whereas adults showed the effect consistently. These data suggest that children need more exposures to stimuli in order to show mature pattern separation processes.

Multiplexing of Theta and Alpha Rhythms in the Amygdala-Hippocampal Circuit Supports Pattern Separation of Emotional Information

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Rebecca F. Stevenson ◽  
Bryce A. Mander ◽  
Lilit Mnatsakanyan ◽  
Frank P. K. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Emotional Information

scholarly journals Irrelevant background context decreases mnemonic discrimination and increases false memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Racsmány ◽  
Dorottya Bencze ◽  
Péter Pajkossy ◽  
Ágnes Szőllősi ◽  
Miklós Marián
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Behavioral Score ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Background Context

AbstractOne of the greatest commonplaces in memory research is that context improves recall and enhances or leaves recognition intact. Here we present results which draw attention to the fact that the reappearance of irrelevant and unattended background contexts of encoding significantly impairs memory discrimination functions. This manuscript presents the results of two experiments in which participants made indoor/outdoor judgements for a large number of object images presented together with individual, irrelevant and presumably unattended background scenes. On a subsequent unexpected recognition test participants saw the incidentally encoded target objects, visually similar lures or new foil objects on the same or new background scenes. Our results showed that although the reappearance of the background scene raised the hit rate for target objects, it decreased mnemonic discrimination, a behavioral score for pattern separation, a hippocampal function that is affected in early dementia. Furthermore, the presence of the encoded background scene at the recognition test increased the false recognition of lure objects, even when participants were explicitly instructed to neglect the context scene. Altogether these results gave evidence that if context increases recognition hits for target memories, it does so at the cost of increasing false recognition and diminished discriminability for similar information.

scholarly journals Neural Circuitry–Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Il Bin Kim ◽  
Seon-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Memory Pattern

Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry–neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.

scholarly journals Cortical pattern separation and item-specific memory encoding

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 256-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Pidgeon ◽  
Alexa M. Morcom
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Specific Memory
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