Studies on Effect of Process Parameters Variation on Bio-oil Yield in Subcritical and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Oil Palm Biomass

Development of catalyst with high deoxygenation activity and optimum process parameters are the key for getting the highest biooil yield with the least oxygen content by hydrothermal liquefaction. With this view, iron-cobalt oxides of Co/Fe ratio 0.33, 1.09, 2.35, and 3.52 were prepared by co-precipitation method, and characterized by XRD, BET surface area, chemical composition by EDX method, and evaluated for hydrothermal liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse in a high-pressure batch reactor under subcritical conditions using CO as process gas to find the optimum Co/Fe ratio and process parameters. Optimum Co/Fe ratio was found to be 1.09 as it gave the highest bio-oil yield of 57.6% with the least oxygen content of 10.8%, attributed to the cobalt ferrite, the major phase present in it. The optimum temperature, initial CO pressure, water/biomass ratio, catalyst/biomass ratio and reaction time for the highest oil yield with the least oxygen content were found to be 250 °C, 45 bar, 28, 0.4, and 120 min, respectively. From the effect of reaction time, it was found that much of the hydrolysis of lignocellulose to water soluble oxygenates, its deoxygenation to bio-oil and its deoxygenation to low oxygen containing bio-oil took place in initial 15 min, 15 to 60 min, and from 30 to 120 min, respectively. Total oil yield (%) was lower by 21% and % oxygen in total oil was higher by 9.9% for spent catalyst compared to fresh catalyst indicating the erosion in the deoxygenation activity of catalyst and thus need for improving its hydrothermal stability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Bio-Oil Production under Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Kernel Shell

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.881 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 881-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Herng Chan ◽

Suzana Yusup ◽

Armando T. Quitain ◽

Yoshimitsu Uemura

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Water ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Supercritical Conditions ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Oil Palm Biomass

Two types of Malaysian oil palm biomass; namely Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are liquefied using sub-and supercritical water to produce bio-oil. Effects of temperatures (360, 390 and 450 °C) and pressures (25, 30 and 35 MPa) of the liquefaction of biomass on the bio-oil yields are investigated. The optimum liquefaction conditions for EFB and PKS using water are at supercritical conditions. PKS which consists of higher lignin content yields maximum bio-oil of about 41.3 wt % at temperature of 450 °C and the bio-oil yield from EFB is about 37.4 wt % at temperature of 390 °C.

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Metal oxide-catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction of Malaysian oil palm biomass to bio-oil under supercritical condition

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids ◽

10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.044 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 384-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

See Cheng Yim ◽

Armando T. Quitain ◽

Suzana Yusup ◽

Mitsuru Sasaki ◽

Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxide ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Supercritical Condition ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Oil Palm Biomass

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Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of oil palm biomass and the upgrading technologies: A review

Carbon Resources Conversion ◽

10.1016/j.crcon.2021.10.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liza Melia Terry ◽

Claudia Li ◽

Jiuan Jing Chew ◽

Aqsha Aqsha ◽

Bing Shen How ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Production ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Oil Palm Biomass

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Experimental studies of hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen waste with H+, OH− and Fe3+ additives for bio-oil upgrading

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20957408 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0734242X2095740

Author(s):

Lixian Wang ◽

Yong Chi ◽

Di Shu ◽

Elsa Weiss-Hortala ◽

Ange Nzihou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Kitchen Waste ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Solid Waste Treatment

Kitchen waste (KW) has gradually become a prominent problem in municipal solid waste treatment. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising method used to make fuel oil from food and KW. However, the upgrading of bio-oil is particularly important for the sake of industrial reuse. In this study, the KW from university restaurants was subjected to HTL experiments in order to study theoretical feasibility. With the change of conversion temperature and residence time, the optimal conversion working conditions in this study were determined according to the quality and yield of the bio-oil. Moreover, the bio-oil upgrading effects of different additives (hydrogen chloride, sodium hydroxide, and iron(III) chloride) on the HTL of KW were studied. Alkaline additives have an inhibitory effect on the bio-oil yield and positive effect on coke yield. Acidic additives and iron (Fe)-containing additives can promote bio-oil yield. As an important aspect of upgrading, the effect on the nitrogen content of bio-oil with additives was revealed. The alkaline and Fe-containing additives have little effect on reducing the viscosity of the bio-oil while with the appropriate ratio (2.5 mol•kg−1) of acidic additives to the raw material, the static and dynamic fluidity of the oil phase products are reduced to about 0.1 Pa•s.

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Process Water Recycle in Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae To Enhance Bio-oil Yield

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/ef502773w ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2422-2430 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Elia Armandina Ramos-Tercero ◽

Alberto Bertucco ◽

D. W. F. (Wim) Brilman

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Process Water ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Water Recycle

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A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.054 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1615-1624 ◽

Cited By ~ 533

Author(s):

Javaid Akhtar ◽

Nor Aishah Saidina Amin

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Bio Oil

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Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae using Fe-MCM 41 Catalyst in Presence of Carbon Monoxide

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2019.21782 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 690-694

Author(s):

R. Sharma ◽

A.K. Tiwari ◽

A. Singh ◽

N. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Process Pressure ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Hot Compressed Water ◽

Generation Biofuel ◽

Nitrogen Contents ◽

Mcm 41

Among the various types of biomass, microalgae have a potential to become a significant energy source for the production of third generation biofuel. The hydrothermal liquefaction is the direct biomass-to-liquid conversion route carried out in the hot compressed water with or without the presence of a catalyst. In this study, the process pressure and temperature is reduced, but at a lower temperature, bio-oil yield is not high enough to make hydrothermal liquefaction an economical technique. Thus, Fe-MCM 41 catalyst was used to increase the bio-oil yield at low temperatures (250 ºC). This catalyst increased the total bio-oil yield from 42.7 to 61.28 % in hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The bio-oil yield (%) of oil 1, 2 & 3 were 24.72, 17.08 & 19.48, respectively obtained at 250 ºC by using catalyst. Moreover, use of catalyst also resulted in the decrease in oxygen and nitrogen contents of bio-oil and consequently increases in its heating value.

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