Bio-Oil Production under Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Kernel Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Two types of Malaysian oil palm biomass; namely Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are liquefied using sub-and supercritical water to produce bio-oil. Effects of temperatures (360, 390 and 450 °C) and pressures (25, 30 and 35 MPa) of the liquefaction of biomass on the bio-oil yields are investigated. The optimum liquefaction conditions for EFB and PKS using water are at supercritical conditions. PKS which consists of higher lignin content yields maximum bio-oil of about 41.3 wt % at temperature of 450 °C and the bio-oil yield from EFB is about 37.4 wt % at temperature of 390 °C.

Bio-oil production from oil palm biomass via subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Mitsuru Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

A critical analysis on palm kernel shell from oil palm industry as a feedstock for solid char production

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabzoi Nizamuddin ◽  
Siddhartha Shrestha ◽  
Saadia Athar ◽  
Brahim Si Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analyses ◽  
Oil Palm Industry

AbstractPalm kernel shell (PKS) is one of the greatly abundant residues in the palm oil industry. It possesses physiochemical characteristics that build in it a potential to serve the production of valuable products, namely, bio-fuels such as char, bio-oil, and bio-gas. This paper presents the properties of PKS as a biomass feed for the production of char. Characterizations of PKS in terms of proximate and ultimate analyses, chemical composition, and higher heating value (HHV in terms of MJ/kg) are presented and consequently compared to different oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), fiber, fronds, and trunks. To illustrate and signify stability, the aforementioned characteristics are discussed for PKS-char, along with further comparison with EFB-char and coal. In addition, recent advances in char production methods from PKS are presented and compared. Simultaneously, future prospects and major challenges towards the utilization of PKS for the production of char are also addressed.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of pellets produced from oil palm biomass blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Durability Index

<p>The production of bio-pellets is an alternative to add value to the residual biomass of the oil palm-extraction process. In this work, an experimental study of the pelletising process of oil palm residual biomass blends is presented. An experimental full factorial design that uses as factors the binding agent content, the moisture content and the mass content of palm kernel shell in the biomass blends is performed. The moisture content of the raw biomass material influences remarkably the durability index of the pellets. These results indicate that high moisture contents in biomass hinder the process of extrusion and linking among the oil palm biomass particles. An increase in the palm kernel shell mass fraction in biomass leads to an increase in the pellets apparent density value. The pellets durability index behaviour study leads to the conclusion that the moisture content is the parameter that exerts the major influence. If the moisture content increases, the durability index decreases. Further, no standard bending tests at 3-points on the pellets are made with the purpose of evaluating the mechanical strength of the densified biomass. Additionally, the produced pellets maintain the quality and durability criteria after being carbonised by means of a thermo gravimetric analysis. The best quality characteristics of the pellets were obtained for a raw biomass material with 10% of moisture content, 4% of binding agent content and 40% by mass of palm kernel shell in the overall biomass respectively.</p>

Liquefaction of palm kernel shell to bio-oil using sub- and supercritical water: An overall kinetic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Mitsuru Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Thermogravimetric Studies of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Kernel Shell: TG/DTG Analysis and Modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pichet Ninduangdee ◽  
Vladimir I. Kuprianov ◽  
Eui Young Cha ◽  
Rujira Kaewrath ◽  
Pattrapon Youngyuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Thermogravimetric Studies

Thermochemical Conversion of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) to Bio-Energy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund C. Okoroigwe ◽  
Zhenglong Li ◽  
Godwin Unachukwu ◽  
Thomas Stuecken ◽  
Christopher Saffron
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Palm kernel shell is an important by-product of oil palm production. It is often neglected and handled as waste in the product mix of palm oil production. One kilogram of PKS was pyrolized in a bench scale pyrolysis screw reactor at temperature range of 450°C to 500°C in 10mins. The process yielded 61 wt%, 24.5 wt% and 14 wt% bio-oil, bio-char and non condensable flammable gas respectively. Palm Kernel shell is relatively abundant in the tropical West Africa and Asia. Until recently PKS is commonly combusted for cooking purposes which contributes to total GHG emission. The products were characterized by determining their physical and chemical properties using standard methods. The thermochemical conversion shows that there is 29% and 26% increase in the higher heating values and lower heating values (on dry basis) respectively, of the bio-oil obtained when compared with the energy values of the original PKS. Similarly, the HHV of the bio-char is 62% higher than that of the original PKS. In addition the results of the GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil show that it contains useful chemicals that can be harnessed for industrial applications. The ash content of the bio-oil and the original PKS sample are 0.37% and 8.68% respectively, on as received, while the results of the elemental analyses show that there is < 0.08% and < 0.05% sulphur content of the PKS and its bio-oil respectively. This makes the products an environmentally suitable fuels for transportation and power generation. The results of this work show that the products compare well with those of other woody samples used for commercial pyrolysis process. PKS bio-char possesses the potential to be used as industrial absorbent in water treatment and process technology. Hence, PKS can be harnessed as potential future source of bio-energy and Activated carbon, and as such should be given adequate attention as a major product of oil palm processing for sustainable economic development of emerging economies.

Metal oxide-catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction of Malaysian oil palm biomass to bio-oil under supercritical condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 384-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
See Cheng Yim ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Mitsuru Sasaki ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Supercritical Condition ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

scholarly journals A review on sustainability and quality of biochar production from oil palm biomass in Malaysia using thermal conversion technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Mustakimah Mohamed ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fiber (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS), oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm frond (OPF) are the common solid lignocellulosic biomass generated from oil palm industries. A palm oil plantation was estimated to generate 36.5 ton of dry biomass in each hectare every year which suggesting the abundancy of these wastes. Feedstock feasibility and common properties as a carbon-rich material, have initiated an interest to utilize these biomass for biochar production. This paper provides a review on the developed thermal conversion technologies to synthesize biochar from oil palm biomass and includes the respective product quality such as carbon contents, yield and other physicochemical properties. The sustainability of oil palm biomass as the feedstock for biochar production in Malaysia were also described by providing the overview on biomass availability, biomass industry value chain and respective characteristics. Determining appropriate type of biomass and applying effective type of thermal conversion technologies produce biochar with good physicochemical qualities. This review observed that lignin in biomass contributes significantly to biochar production and slow pyrolysis technique is a promising technology to yield a good quality of biochar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document