Gating in Russia: Exit into Private Communities, and Implications for Governance

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Polishchuk ◽  
Yulia Sharygina
Keyword(s):  
Private Communities

Is HOA capitalized in housing price? Evidence from Chongqing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Homeowners Association ◽  
Private Communities ◽  
Different Sources

Purpose International research has found that Homeowners Association (HOA) is capitalized in housing price in the West. Is that result applicable in Chinese cities? In China there is also widespread applause for HOA. Will that leave trail in the housing market? This paper aims to answers these questions by presenting empirical evidence from 113 private gated communities in Chongqing, China. Design/methodology/approach The data set comes from three different sources including a telephone survey. The research methodology includes hedonic models with an endogenous dummy variable of the presence of HOA in a community. Findings HOA is not capitalized in housing price. Research limitations/implications The empirical finding helps to explain why about 80% of private communities in big Chinese cities have not formed an HOA. Originality/value This is the first empirical study on HOA capitalization in housing price in China.

scholarly journals Public lives and private communities: The terms of service agreement and life in virtual worlds

First Monday ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora J. Halbert
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
End User ◽  
Speech Codes ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Public Lives ◽  
Service Agreement ◽  
Contract Language ◽  
Private Communities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper argues that the terms of service (TOS) agreements, also sometimes referred to as end user license agreements (EULAs), governing virtual worlds have important implications for the political and legal structures under which our virtual selves will function. This essay will focus on four key political concepts central to all TOS agreements studied. These concepts include contract language governing speech codes, intellectual property rights, privacy, and the relationship of the gaming world to the real world. If indeed these agreements offer governing constraints for people functioning in virtual spaces, then not only should their anti–democratic construction be considered, but as people spend more time in virtual worlds, these structures will become increasingly important to many aspects of our virtual identities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document