JURIDICAL OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCING OF MSME MICRO CAPITAL SERVICE UNIT (ULaMM) SYARIAH

This article is motivated by the special tasks carried out by thePT. Madani National Capital (PNM), which is only to carry out business activities to channel funds without making efforts to raise funds because this business unit is not a banking institution. The Micro Capital Service Unit (ULaMM) is a capital loan service for micro and small businesses accompanied by guidance to develop their business.UlaMM has been running business activities and providing financing services for the development of cooperatives, micro, small and medium enterprises. The agreement made by both parties was made in writing in accordance with POJK Number 16/POJK.05/2019 concerning the Supervision of PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani, Micro Capital Service Unit (ULaMM). This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data analysis used with descriptive analysis. Based on the method that has been used, it can be concluded that the agreement made is stated in writing in an agreement, this is in line with the provisions contained in POJK article 7 paragraph (2) which regulates that the financing service agreement must be made in writing. The agreement made is also in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 1320 of the Civil Code which regulates the legal terms of agreement.

The Trade Service Agreement Between Vietnam and the EAEU and the Formation of Negotiation Strategies on New Agreements in the Service Sector: The First Results

n the last decades, the importance of trade in services in global trade flows has grown from strength to strength. This trend has stimulated the proliferation of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements aimed at ensuring equal and fair access for service providers to foreign markets. The states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are no exceptions to this global trend and strive to ensure free trade in services with foreign partners as a part of trade policies. This article analyzes theoretical and practical aspects of implementing the provisions on trade in services of the free trade agreement (FTA) between the EAEU and Vietnam, specifically applied to Russia and Vietnam. The results of the agreement’s implementation are instrumental in formulating the main contributions of the strategy that will increase the efficiency of future agreements on trade in services between the EAEU and foreign partners. The following strategy has already been applied to the example of service sector cooperation between Russia and Singapore. The emphasis of the study is quite universal, and the contributions of the strategy are applicable to other regional associations.

The battle over wastewater between Woonsocket and North Smithfield

Research methodology This case study draws on interviews conducted with officials from the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM), City of Woonsocket and Town of North Smithfield. Additionally, it pulls from relevant legal documents, recordings and minutes from meetings of the Woonsocket City Council and North Smithfield Town Council, City Council resolutions, state legislation and local press coverage. Case overview/synopsis From 2012–2017, the communities of Woonsocket and North Smithfield engaged in a protracted dispute concerning wastewater disposal. For 30 years, the two jurisdictions had maintained a signed service agreement. Following its expiration; however, Woonsocket imposed a new host fee on North Smithfield. Woonsocket needed to upgrade the facility to comply with mandates from the RI DEM. Over the next five years, leaders from both jurisdictions vociferously fought over the new fee. At the same time, leaders within communities experienced their own divisions. This case study highlights the challenges that decision-makers faced in both communities. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for graduate and executive level courses in environmental policy, communication and leadership.

Return Service Agreement in the Context of the Universal Health Care Act: Using International and Local Experiences to Guide Application of the RSA

Background. Philippines is in a constant struggle to address shortage and maldistribution of health professionals, affecting equity in service delivery. The government endeavors to generate adequate supply of health workforce through scholarship and training programs which have been further expanded with the enactment of the Universal Health Care (UHC) Act. This article aimed to give a background for discussion on the application of return service agreement (RSA) provisions in the light of attaining universal health care. Methods. A modified systematic review of literature was conducted guided by the key issues determined by the Department of Health with focus on the extent of scholarship grants and on number of recipients. Results. The Philippine government enacted policy reforms through implementing RSA in response to the progressive decline of the net flow of health professionals. However, the criticisms lie in that RSA is not a long-term solution. With the RSA provisions in the UHC Law, metrics on determining the under-produced and maldistributed professional cadre must be created. These should be responsive in addressing facility-level and health system-level gaps. Conclusion and Recommendation. Paucity of current local literature impedes attaining a conclusive body of evidence, therefore, further research is needed. Operationalization of RSA should not be viewed as a singular means to solve the health workforce gaps, but as part of holistic assessment, taking into consideration epidemiological, geographical, political, and social determinants. Stakeholders must ingress in collaborative intersectoral policy actions to warrant bottom-up support. Activities related to mapping, monitoring, and incentivizing medical and health-related professionals must be established to support a system conducive for workforce retention.

Terms of service as a ground for establishment of ownership to virtual property

Problem setting. Today, the use of numerous sites is allowed only with the consent of the user agreements (Terms of Service) offered by them. Most often, users tick them, which is tantamount to signing such agreements, without even reading. However, it turns out that in most cases, user agreements, which are essentially agreements between users and providers, are aimed only at securing the interests of providers and in fact impose significant restrictions on users without granting them any rights other than the right to use the service. In addition, providers create them in such a way as not to draw the attention of users to the presence of the contract in this relationship. Such agreements are generally placed as hyperlinks at the bottom of the page or are created as a step that the user must agree to during registration. On this basis, the question of the need to strengthen the protection of users’ rights as a weaker party to the contract, by analogy with consumer protection, is increasingly raised. Moreover, the possibility of considering a user agreement as a kind of contract is widely discussed. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Given the novelty of such a phenomenon as user agreement, today there are not many studies devoted to them, especially in domestic science. Among foreign researchers of the legal nature and specifics of user agreements can be mentioned K. Cornelius, L. Belli and J. Venturini, T. Romm, P. Randolph, M. Radin, A. Savelyev, N. Vlasova. Thus, there is a lack of domestic research on the legal nature of user agreements, so there is an urgent need for research in this area. Target of research is to study the legal nature of the user agreement and analyze the possibility of it to become a ground for legal relationships, in particular, a ground for establishment of ownership to virtual property. Article’s main body. The article analyzes the possibility of considering user agreements as potential grounds for the emergence of ownership to virtual property. The judicial practice to protect the rights of users of accounts and European approaches to the protection of user rights are analyzed in the article. The research data, which give grounds to speak about violation of user rights by user agreements are given. In turn, this gives reason to question the possibility of considering the user agreement as a kind of contract. However, the analysis performed allows us to conclude that it is possible to consider the user agreement as a mixed contract, which can potentially serve as a ground for the emergence of virtual property rights. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Terms of Service agreements should be considered as mixed agreements that contain elements of several agreements. In particular, in the context of the emergence of virtual property rights from such agreements, elements of the Terms of Service agreement should be distinguished, which determine the legal consequences for the virtual property created within the online platforms. In the doctrine, the concept of virtual property as a kind of property right is already quite common today, and this kind of right may well arise from the contract, which in this case may be the Terms of Service agreement. If the Terms of Service agreement is recognized as the ground for the emergence of virtual property rights, it is necessary to provide in it how the balance of interests of platform developers and users in relation to virtual property will be determined. Obviously, all the features of the implementation and protection of virtual property rights, cases of its restriction will be specified in the contract.

To the issue of distribution of risks and civil liability under the agreement on provision of medical services

The article analyzes certain problematic issues related to the distribution of risks and civil liability under the medical service agreement. The relationship has been revealed between the legal nature of the risk, civil liability and the contract for the provision of medical services has been clarified by analyzing the legal acts of medical legislation.Certain issues of the quality of medical service and the legal nature of risk in the medical sphere were investigated.The issue of realization and provision of certain personal non-property rights ensuring social existence of an individual in conditions of quarantine measures to prevent the spread of Сovid -19 on the territory of Ukraine has been studied (Articles 313,315 of the Civil Code of Ukraine).Some issues of the function of the contract for the provision of medical services have been disclosed. Keywords: risk, contract for provision of medical services, quality of medical services, civil liability

Jasa Hapus Akun dan Permasalahannya Ditinjau Dari Kekuatan Mengikat Perjanjian Antara Konsumen dengan Pelaku Bisnis Jasa Hapus Akun

Cybercrime is an unlawful act that utilizes computer technology based on the sophistication of the development of internet technology. With the development of the times, technology continues to innovate to meet all the needs desired by the community. The sophistication of this technology is often abused on irresponsible people for their own gain, the account delete service is present to prevent the cybercrime from occurring but there are still many problems judging by the binding power of the account delete service agreement. The purpose of this research is to expose the problem of the binding power of account delete services. from the results of the study shows that there are still many problems that occur in the services of deleting accounts especially the lack of binding power of agreements made by the parties in the transaction delete the account.

The haunting of GeoCities and the politics of access control on the early Web

Yahoo’s purchase of make-your-own-website platform GeoCities in 1999 and subsequent implementation of a new Terms of Service agreement led to one of the most notable boycotts in Web history. During the “Haunting,” GeoCities users stripped their homepages of color and content, replacing blinking GIFs with excerpts of the offending Terms of Service. In this landmark battle over content rights and access control, protestors used the platform antagonistically, disrupting the value of user-generated content and undermining the company’s strategic vision for the platform. Within a week, the Haunting of GeoCities successfully forced Yahoo to acquiesce to protestor demands and set enduring standards for Terms of Service that preserved greater rights for content creators. This case study from the early Web demonstrates how access is always bound up in a struggle over control and offers a timely reminder of how users have been—and can be—vital agents of platform politics.

Perception of Program Administrators and Student Representatives on the Implementation of Return Service Agreement in Selected Institutions in the Philippines

Objectives. The study aimed to determine the perception of program administrators and students on the implementation of return service agreement (RSA) in the Philippines. It examined the different components of, and opportunities, and challenges in the implementation of RSA of selected institutions. Methods. Key informant interviews using a topic guide were conducted with ten program administrators and student representatives from selected institutions implementing a return service policy. Interviews were transcribed and responses in Filipino were translated to English. Open coding and focused coding were performed to identify categories and themes from the interview transcripts. Results. Addressing human resource for health (HRH) needs of the country is a common rationale behind RSA implementation among the institutions sampled for the study. A notable difference in implementation arrangements is the manner of rendering service. Majority of RSA programs require promisors to be employed in any part of the Philippines in need of health workers, while other RSA programs recruit students from rural areas in order to deploy them later on in their hometowns. There is also an apparent lack of institutionalized mechanisms for job placement for students to fulfill their return service obligations. One challenge in most institutions is the need for a formal monitoring and evaluation scheme for the policy. Conclusion. Integration of the voice of stakeholders is critical in the conceptualization, development, and implementation of RSA policies. This will ensure that issues attendant to operationalization are mitigated if not outrightly avoided.

Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Service Agreement between the Government and Faith Based Organizations in Ilala Municipality, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Background Access to essential health services is an important aspect of development. Due to the population increase and technological advancement, governments could no longer cater for the services needed. One of the solutions was to involve private sector through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in provision of the services. In 2007 Tanzania made a generic Service Agreement (SA) to govern PPPs in health sector. However, since its establishment, less is known on opportunities and challenges of implementing SA in the provision of health services in Tanzania. Therefore, the focus of this study was to assess the opportunities and challenges of implementing SA in Tanzania using a case of SA between the Cardinal Rugambwa Mission Hospital (CRMH) and the Ilala Municipality in Dar es Salaam. Methods The study employed a case study design using qualitative method of data collection. Data were collected by using in depth interview guide. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. The sample size was based on the principle of saturation level of the information collected. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results The opportunities of implementing SA in CRMH, Ilala Municipality include: the existence of guidelines and policies, Patients receive some health Services free of charges, availability of some services at reduced prices, presence of SA review meetings, good coordination, availability of supervision, training and mentorship opportunities, presence of political support, trust of the hospital by suppliers and trust between government and the hospital. The identified challenges in implementing SA include: - partial fulfillment of financial commitment, inadequacy deployment of HRH to CRMH by government, lack of transport for supervision and donor dependence. Conclusion There are a number of available opportunities for partnering between the private sector and the government in the delivery of health services. However, for the PPP to achieve its desired objective of improving access to health services particularly to most vulnerable population such as women and children, there is a need for the two parties (private and public) to address the identified challenges such as partial fulfillment of financial commitment and inadequacy deployment of HRH from the government to the private health facilities as per SA.