Is HOA capitalized in housing price? Evidence from Chongqing, China

Purpose International research has found that Homeowners Association (HOA) is capitalized in housing price in the West. Is that result applicable in Chinese cities? In China there is also widespread applause for HOA. Will that leave trail in the housing market? This paper aims to answers these questions by presenting empirical evidence from 113 private gated communities in Chongqing, China. Design/methodology/approach The data set comes from three different sources including a telephone survey. The research methodology includes hedonic models with an endogenous dummy variable of the presence of HOA in a community. Findings HOA is not capitalized in housing price. Research limitations/implications The empirical finding helps to explain why about 80% of private communities in big Chinese cities have not formed an HOA. Originality/value This is the first empirical study on HOA capitalization in housing price in China.

Penanganan Kejahatan Preman Pada Wilayah Hukum Polisi Resort Indragiri Hilir

ABSTRACT The phenomenon of street crime in Indragiri Hilir began to develop and is undeniable, this phenomenon gave birth to a group of thugs who commit violence. Prema violence in maintaining its existence, both in the social and economic fields. Since the economy is getting harder and higher the poverty rate. Thugs in the jurisdiction of Indragiri Hilir Police Station began to increase in the area of community life. Thugs do extortion (voluntary) extortion on a voluntary or voluntary basis from the merchant community, private communities, especially in the City of Tembilahan. the number of cases of gangsterism in 2014 there were 27 cases of violent crime. the investigation process contained 21 cases, 21 cases. Keywords: Premans, Indragiri Hilir, Thuggery, Law, Tembilahan City. ABSTRAK Fenomena kejahatan jalanan di Indragiri Hilir mulai berkembang dan tidak dapat disangkal, fenomena ini melahirkan sekelompok penjahat yang melakukan kekerasan. Kekerasan prema dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya, baik di bidang sosial maupun ekonomi. Karena ekonomi semakin sulit dan semakin tinggi tingkat kemiskinan. Preman di wilayah hukum Kantor Polisi Indragiri Hilir mulai meningkat di bidang kehidupan masyarakat. Preman melakukan pemerasan (sukarela) dengan pemerasan atas dasar sukarela atau sukarela dari komunitas pedagang, komunitas swasta, khususnya di Kota Tembilahan. Jumlah kasus premanisme pada 2014 ada 27 kasus kejahatan dengan kekerasan. proses penyelidikan berisi 21 kasus, 21 kasus telah diserahkan ke kantor kejaksaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kendala dan implementasi Penegakan Hukum atas Tindakan Premanisme. Kata Kunci: Premanisme, Tembilahan, Polrest INHIL

Work unit and private community in the evolution of urban planning in contemporary China

Built on theories about the hold-up problem in New Institutional Economics, this article analyzes the evolution of urban planning in contemporary China from an institutional perspective. In particular, it focuses on two phenomena: work unit in the planned economy and the large-scale growth of private communities in the market economy. I argue that the hold-up problem in urban land use still exists in a planned economy and asks for the integration of de facto property owner and local public goods provider. Land use control was thus mostly conducted by the work unit. Urban planning in contemporary China has always been planning for government rather than for the public. This leads to great uncertainty in land use and, consequently, the hold-up problem. Widespread emergence of private communities in the Chinese city is the response of the market to the hold-up problem that arises from the nature of Chinese governmental planning.

Urban growth trends in midsize Chilean cities: the case of Temuco

Academic production about the main Chilean cities exceeds the existing documentation on intermediate cities, though they have shown interesting trends patterns in recent years which have changed the urban system in Chile. This paper aimed to analyze the urban growth processes in Chilean intermediate cities using Temuco as a case study. It begins with an historical look at the city and then mentions that in the last decades this kind of cities have undergone new forms of segregation associated to real estate activities such as private communities, rural residential properties and new localization of services which have resulted in a fragmentation of urban space, a phenomenon reinforced by the consolidation of some satellite cities. At the same time, many urban problems associated to poverty, like a standstill of the regional economy and environmental pollution have appeared, jeopardizing the sustainability of these spaces, questioning current development parameters. The article ends considering the future challenges in Temuco’s urban development.