The Axillary Nerve

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Philippe Rigoard
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Nerve

scholarly journals Cadaveric evaluation of the feasibility of glenohumeral joint denervation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Dorsal Approach ◽  
Articular Branch ◽  
Pectoral Nerve ◽  
Teres Minor

Abstract Purpose To assess the feasibility of total shoulder denervation through two proposed incisions. Methods Total shoulder denervation was performed through an extended delta-pectoral approach and a transverse dorsal approach at the spine of the scapula. The study involved six cadavers. Course and number of articular branches from the lateral pectoral, axillary and supra-scapular nerve were documented. Results All shoulder joint articular branches were accessible through the proposed anterior and posterior approaches. The articular branch of the lateral pectoral nerve and supra scapular nerve were present in all the specimen. Axillary nerve articular branches were variable in number but when present anteriorly were proximal to the deltoid muscular branches and posteriorly proximal to the muscular branches to the teres minor. Conclusion Total glenohumeral denervation was feasible through our proposed anterior and posterior approaches. Enhanced knowledge of articular nerve branches could provide interventional targets for joint and ligament pain, with low risk of muscle weakness.

Outcome of axillary nerve injuries treated with nerve grafts

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okazaki ◽  
A. Al-Shawi ◽  
C. R. Gschwind ◽  
D. J. Warwick ◽  
M. A. Tonkin
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
The Mean

This study evaluates the outcome of axillary nerve injuries treated with nerve grafting. Thirty-six patients were retrospectively reviewed after a mean of 53 months (minimum 12 months). The mean interval from injury to surgery was 6.5 months. Recovery of deltoid function was assessed by the power of both abduction and retropulsion, the deltoid bulk and extension lag. The deltoid bulk was almost symmetrical in nine of 34 cases, good in 22 and wasted in three. Grade M4 or M5* was achieved in 30 of 35 for abduction and in 32 of 35 for retropulsion. There was an extension lag in four patients. Deltoid bulk continued to improve with a longer follow-up following surgery. Nerve grafting to the axillary nerve is a reliable method of regaining deltoid function when the lesion is distal to its origin from the posterior cord.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Axillary Nerve and Suprascapular Nerve Lesions.

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-977
Author(s):  
Junji Ide ◽  
Katsumasa Takagi ◽  
Makio Yamaga ◽  
Kotaro Ohashi ◽  
Toshio Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Nerve Lesions

Arthroscopic Transcapsular Axillary Nerve Decompression

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Trevor R. Gaskill ◽  
Peter J. Millett
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Nerve Decompression

Surgical management of axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve lesions

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. S123
Author(s):  
J. Ide ◽  
M. Yamaga ◽  
T. Kitamura ◽  
K. Ohashi ◽  
M. Tanoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Nerve Lesions

Transfer of axillary nerve branches to reconstruct elbow extension in tetraplegics: A laboratory investigation of surgical feasibility

Microsurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Augusto Bertelli ◽  
Cristiano Paulo Tacca ◽  
Elisa Cristiana Winkelmann Duarte ◽  
Marcos Flávio Ghizoni ◽  
Hamilton Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Elbow Extension

scholarly journals Title: IDENTIFYING THE AXILLARY NERVE DURING SHOULDER SURGERY: AN ANATOMIC STUDY USING ADVANCED IMAGING

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0003
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hachadorian ◽  
Brendon C. Mitchell ◽  
Matthew Y. Siow ◽  
Wilbur Wang ◽  
Tracey Bastrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Shoulder Surgery ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Mri Studies

Background: The axillary nerve (AXN) is one of the more commonly injured nerves during shoulder surgery. Prior anatomic studies of the AXN in adults were performed using cadaveric specimens with small sample sizes. Our research observes a larger cohort of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in order to gain a more representative sample of the course of the axillary nerve and aid surgeons intraoperatively. Methods: High-resolution 3T MRI studies performed at our institution from January 2010 to June 2019 were reviewed. Four blinded reviewers with musculoskeletal radiology or orthopaedic surgery training measured the distance of the AXN to the surgical neck of the humerus (SNH), the lateral tip of the acromion (LTA), and the inferior glenoid rim (IGR). Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess reliability between reviewers. The nerve location was assessed relative to rotator cuff tear status. Results: A total of 257 shoulder MRIs were included. ICC was excellent at 0.80 for SNH, 0.90 for LTA and 0.94 for IGR. All intra-observer reliabilities were above 0.80. Mean distance from AXN to SNH was 1.7 cm (0.7-3.1 cm, IQR 1.38-2.00) and AXN to IGR was 1.6 cm (0.6-2.6 cm, IQR 1.33-1.88). The mean AXN to LTA distance was 7.1 cm, with a range of 5.2 to 9.0 cm across patient heights; there was a large effect size related to LTA to AXN distance and patient height with a correlation of r=0.603, (p<0.001). Rotator cuff pathology appears to affect nerve location by increasing the distance between AXN and SNH (p = 0.027). Discussion/Conclusion: The AXN is vulnerable to injury during both open and arthroscopic shoulder procedures. This injury can be either a result of direct trauma to the nerve or secondary to traction placed on the nerve with reconstructive procedures that distalize the humerus. Our study demonstrates that the axillary nerve can be found as little as 5.6 mm from IGR and 6.9 mm from the SNH. Additionally, we illustrate the relationship between patient height and LTA to AXN distance and complete rotator cuff tears and SNH to AXN distance. Our study is the first to demonstrate the nerve’s proximity to important surgical landmarks of the shoulder using a large sample size of high-resolution images in living human shoulders. Tables/Figures: [Figure: see text][Table: see text]

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