Mass Production, Application and Market Development of Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticides in China

Mass Production of Bacillus Thuringiensis and B. Sphaericus For Microbial Control of Insect Pests *

Biotechnology for Biological Control of Pests and Vectors ◽

10.1201/9781351070300-19 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 195-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clayton C. Beegle ◽

Robert I. Rose ◽

Yu Ziniu

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Mass Production ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Microbial Control

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Mass production of a S-layer protein of Bacillus thuringiensis and its toxicity to the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53854-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caleb C. Lormendez ◽

Manuel Fernandez-Ruvalcaba ◽

Markis Adames-Mancebo ◽

Victor Manuel Hernandez-Velazquez ◽

Fernando Zuñiga-Navarrete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Mass Production ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Insect Vectors ◽

Insecticidal Proteins ◽

Adult Females ◽

New Generation ◽

Sporulation Phase

AbstractThe most commonly used biopesticides to control agricultural, forest and insect vectors of human diseases are derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which begins to produce Cry and Cyt insecticidal proteins during the onset of the sporulation phase. Some B. thuringiensis strains also produce S-layer proteins that are toxic to certain pests. S-layer proteins are the most abundant proteins in bacteria and archaea. This proteins’ key trait to design high performace processes for mass production is their continuous expression during the vegetative phase, unlike Cry and Cyt, which are restricted to the sporulation phase. In this work, a S-layer protein expressed by the GP543 strain of B. thuringiensis that is toxic to the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus was mass produced using the batch culture fermentation technique. In addition, the spore-protein complex showed a mortality rate of 75% with a dose of 300 µg·mL−1 on adult females of R. microplus after fourteen days. The lethal concentration 50 was 69.7 µg·mL−1. The treatment also caused a decrease of 13% in the weight of the mass of oviposited eggs with 200 µg·mL−1 of the spore-protein complex and inhibition of the hatching of eggs from 80 to 92%. Therefore, this could be a good option for controlling this parasite. The advantages of S-layer protein synthesis are focused on the production of a new generation of proteins in pest control. This is the first report on the mass production of an S-layer protein that is responsible for toxicity.

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Utilization of silkworm litter and pupal waste-an eco-friendly approach for mass production of Bacillus thuringiensis

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.153 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 131 ◽

pp. 545-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sarvamangala R. Patil ◽

S. Amena ◽

A. Vikas ◽

P. Rahul ◽

K. Jagadeesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Mass Production

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Energy, transport, and consumption in the Industrial Revolution

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph A. Tainter ◽

Temis G. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Energy Transport ◽

Underlying Assumption

Abstract We question Baumard's underlying assumption that humans have a propensity to innovate. Affordable transportation and energy underpinned the Industrial Revolution, making mass production/consumption possible. Although we cannot accept Baumard's thesis on the Industrial Revolution, it may help explain why complexity and innovation increase rapidly in the context of abundant energy.

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Recent Radiative and Collisional Atomic Data of Astrophysical Interest

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107596 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

K.L. Baluja ◽

K. Butler ◽

J. Le Bourlot ◽

C.J. Zeippen

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Bound States ◽

Physical Models ◽

Impact Excitation ◽

Electron Impact Excitation ◽

Atomic Data ◽

Isoelectronic Sequence ◽

Astrophysical Interest ◽

Radiative Transitions ◽

Forbidden Transitions

SummaryUsing sophisticated computer programs and elaborate physical models, accurate radiative and collisional atomic data of astrophysical interest have been or are being calculated. The cases treated include radiative transitions between bound states in the 2p4and 2s2p5configurations of many ions in the oxygen isoelectronic sequence, the photoionisation of the ground state of neutral iron, the electron impact excitation of the fine-structure forbidden transitions within the 3p3ground configuration of CℓIII, Ar IV and K V, and the mass-production of radiative data for ions in the oxygen and fluorine isoelectronic sequences, as part of the international Opacity Project.

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A simplified method of emulsion coating and development for quantitative electron microscopic radioautography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081188 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 64-65

Author(s):

K. Yoshida ◽

F. Murata ◽

S. Ohno ◽

T. Nagata

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Identical Condition ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Simplified Method ◽

Complicated Process ◽

Critical Problems ◽

Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽

Quantitative Radioautography

IntroductionSeveral methods of mounting emulsion for radioautography at the electron microscopic level have been reported. From the viewpoint of quantitative radioautography, however, there are many critical problems in the procedure to produce radioautographs. For example, it is necessary to apply and develop emulsions in several experimental groups under an identical condition. Moreover, it is necessary to treat a lot of grids at the same time in the dark room for statistical analysis. Since the complicated process and technical difficulties in these procedures are inadequate to conduct a quantitative analysis of many radioautographs at once, many factors may bring about unexpected results. In order to improve these complicated procedures, a simplified dropping method for mass production of radioautographs under an identical condition was previously reported. However, this procedure was not completely satisfactory from the viewpoint of emulsion homogeneity. This paper reports another improved procedure employing wire loops.

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