scholarly journals Synchronization Problems in Automata Without Non-trivial Cycles

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ryzhikov
Keyword(s):  
Synchronization Problems

New direct lyapunov-type method for studying synchronization problems

Automatica ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Noldus
Keyword(s):  
Type Method ◽  
Synchronization Problems

On the Necessity of Diffusive Couplings in Linear Synchronization Problems With Quadratic Cost

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 3029-3034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maximilian Montenbruck ◽  
Gerd S. Schmidt ◽  
Georg S. Seyboth ◽  
Frank Allgower
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Cost ◽  
Synchronization Problems

scholarly journals Overview of Time Synchronization for IoT Deployments: Clock Discipline Algorithms and Protocols

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5928
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Yiğitler ◽  
Behnam Badihi ◽  
Riku Jäntti
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Constrained Systems ◽  
Clock Model ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Synchronization Problems ◽  
Constrained Devices

Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to change the everyday life of its users by enabling data exchanges among pervasive things through the Internet. Such a broad aim, however, puts prohibitive constraints on applications demanding time-synchronized operation for the chronological ordering of information or synchronous execution of some tasks, since in general the networks are formed by entities of widely varying resources. On one hand, the existing contemporary solutions for time synchronization, such as Network Time Protocol, do not easily tailor to resource-constrained devices, and on the other, the available solutions for constrained systems do not extend well to heterogeneous deployments. In this article, the time synchronization problems for IoT deployments for applications requiring a coherent notion of time are studied. Detailed derivations of the clock model and various clock relation models are provided. The clock synchronization methods are also presented for different models, and their expected performance are derived and illustrated. A survey of time synchronization protocols is provided to aid the IoT practitioners to select appropriate components for a deployment. The clock discipline algorithms are presented in a tutorial format, while the time synchronization methods are summarized as a survey. Therefore, this paper is a holistic overview of the available time synchronization methods for IoT deployments.

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