scholarly journals Overview of Time Synchronization for IoT Deployments: Clock Discipline Algorithms and Protocols

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5928
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Yiğitler ◽  
Behnam Badihi ◽  
Riku Jäntti
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Constrained Systems ◽  
Clock Model ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Synchronization Problems ◽  
Constrained Devices

Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to change the everyday life of its users by enabling data exchanges among pervasive things through the Internet. Such a broad aim, however, puts prohibitive constraints on applications demanding time-synchronized operation for the chronological ordering of information or synchronous execution of some tasks, since in general the networks are formed by entities of widely varying resources. On one hand, the existing contemporary solutions for time synchronization, such as Network Time Protocol, do not easily tailor to resource-constrained devices, and on the other, the available solutions for constrained systems do not extend well to heterogeneous deployments. In this article, the time synchronization problems for IoT deployments for applications requiring a coherent notion of time are studied. Detailed derivations of the clock model and various clock relation models are provided. The clock synchronization methods are also presented for different models, and their expected performance are derived and illustrated. A survey of time synchronization protocols is provided to aid the IoT practitioners to select appropriate components for a deployment. The clock discipline algorithms are presented in a tutorial format, while the time synchronization methods are summarized as a survey. Therefore, this paper is a holistic overview of the available time synchronization methods for IoT deployments.

Time Synchronism of Dynamic Password Status Authentication

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Wei Jian Huang ◽  
Lin Feng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Internet Protocols ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Concrete Realization ◽  
Authentication Security

The e-commerce transaction process customers are most worried about is the security issues. Targeted e-commerce transaction authentication security that prevail in question time synchronization based on a dynamic password authentication technology, and gives a concrete realization of identity authentication process. The main advantage of this technology is a dynamic one-time passwords, and simple operation, transmission using RSA encryption algorithm. Network Time Protocol NTP for time synchronization of standard internet protocols, to solve the difficult problem of time synchronization.

scholarly journals Implementasi Sinkronisasi Waktu dengan Network Time Protocol untuk Pemantauan Keamanan Aktivitas Jaringan Telekomunikasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Ahmad Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Security Monitoring ◽  
Time Alignment ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Alignment System ◽  
Telecommunications Network ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Time Standard

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>          Penyelenggara Jaringan adalah menyediakan dan atau memberikan pelayanan jaringan yang memungkinkan terselenggaranya transaksi elektronik. Setiap penyelenggara jaringan diwajibkan untuk menyelaraskan waktu dalam transaksi elektronik. Tujuan dilakukannya penyelarasan waktu adalah untuk menyediakan waktu yang standar dan menyediakan acuan waktu untuk segala bentuk transaksi elektronik dengan prinsip keakuratan dan ketertelusuran. Sistem Penyelarasan Waktu Indonesia menggunakan prinsip ketertelusuran dan prinsip keakuratan. Protokol yang digunakan dalam penyelarasan waktu server di Indonesia berbasis Network Time Protocol. Kajian ini membahas mengenai implementasi sinkronisasi waktu dengan network time protocol sebagai salah satu bentuk pemantauan keamanan jaringan telekomunikasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah naratif deskriptif mengenai implementasi sinkronisasi waktu.Hasil kajian ini adalah masukan untuk kebijakan dalam keamanan transaksi elektronik melalui sinkronisasi waktu.</p><p> </p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Network providers are providing services or networks that enable the implementation of electronic transactions. Each network operator is required to align the time in electronic transactions. The purpose is to provide time alignment of the time standard and provide a time frame for all forms of electronic transactions with the principles of accuracy and traceability. Indonesian Time Alignment System uses the principle of traceability and accuracy principles. The protocols used in the alignment of the time server in Indonesia-based Network Time Protocol. This study discusses the implementation of time synchronization with a network time protocol as a form of telecommunications network security monitoring. The method used in this study is a descriptive narrative on the implementation of time synchronization. Results of this study are input to the policy in the security of electronic transactions through time synchronization</em></p>

scholarly journals Twist-n-Sync: Software Clock Synchronization with Microseconds Accuracy Using MEMS-Gyroscopes

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Marsel Faizullin ◽  
Anastasiia Kornilova ◽  
Azat Akhmetyanov ◽  
Gonzalo Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Mems Gyroscopes ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Android App ◽  
High Degree

Sensor networks require a high degree of synchronization in order to produce a stream of data useful for further purposes. Examples of time misalignment manifest as undesired artifacts when doing multi-camera bundle-adjustment or global positioning system (GPS) geo-localization for mapping. Network Time Protocol (NTP) variants of clock synchronization can provide accurate results, though present high variance conditioned by the environment and the channel load. We propose a new precise technique for software clock synchronization over a network of rigidly attached devices using gyroscope data. Gyroscope sensors, or IMU, provide a high-rate measurements that can be processed efficiently. We use optimization tools over the correlation signal of IMU data from a network of gyroscope sensors. Our method provides stable microseconds accuracy, regardless of the number of sensors and the conditions of the network. In this paper, we show the performance of the gyroscope software synchronization in a controlled environment, and we evaluate the performance in a sensor network of smartphones by our open-source Android App, Twist-n-Sync, that is publicly available.

scholarly journals Highly Accurate Timestamping for Ethernet-Based Clock Synchronization

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Loschmidt ◽  
Reinhard Exel ◽  
Georg Gaderer
Keyword(s):  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
Distributed Measurement ◽  
Synchronization Accuracy ◽  
Coordinate Data

It is not only for test and measurement of great importance to synchronize clocks of networked devices to timely coordinate data acquisition. In this context the seek for high accuracy in Ethernet-based clock synchronization has been significantly supported by enhancements to the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and the introduction of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The latter was even applied to instrumentation and measurement applications through the introduction of LXI. These protocols are usually implemented in software; however, the synchronization accuracy can only substantially be improved by hardware which supports drawing of precise event timestamps. Especially, the quality of the timestamps for ingress and egress synchronization packets has a major influence on the achievable performance of a distributed measurement or control system. This paper analyzes the influence of jitter sources remaining despite hardware support and proposes enhanced methods for up to now unmatched timestamping accuracy in Ethernet-based synchronization protocols. The methods shown in this paper reach sub-nanosecond accuracy, which is proven in theory and practice.

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