Gender Inequality for Directors in the European Film Industry: Focus on Austria

Author(s):  
Francine Hetherington Raveney ◽  
Birgit Moldaschl ◽  
Anna Koblitz
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Cobb

This article argues that cis, hetero, abled, middle-class, white men – as a group and as an identity category – are the structuring absence of inequality discourse and, as a consequence, it is ‘diverse’ persons who bear both the burden of and any hope for changing the film industry. By ‘re-reading’ gender inequality data, diversity initiatives and inclusion rhetoric, this article shows the ways in which they elide men's domination of the film industry and perversely reinforce it as the norm. Articulating how data on gender representation behind the camera can both illuminate inequality and be used to obfuscate it, the article looks closely at selected reports in order to see what they do and do not tell us about gender inequality and the unequal presence of men in the industry. As the dominating demographic of the film-making workforce, the white middle-class male is also the structuring absence of the inclusion rhetoric which maintains the status quo of inequality in the film industry by interpellating ‘diverse’ persons as outsiders who must gain the attention of the white middle-class men who may or may not choose to include them.


Author(s):  
Mette Hjort

“Gender Equity in Screen Culture: On Susanne Bier, the Celluloid Ceiling, and the Growing Appeal of TV Production” reflects on Bier’s career in light of the “unprecedented attention” recently directed at gender inequality in the film industry. Mette Hjort foregrounds, in particular, the fact that Bier’s success involved her overcoming challenges posed by both her gender and her nationality. The chapter stresses that Bier’s shifting perception of such challenges is provocative, specifically Bier’s increasingly vocal support of gender equity in screen industries. Hjort concludes by predicting the likely effects of “a broader involvement of women in the film industry,” which Bier’s career harbingers.


Author(s):  
G. M. Brown ◽  
D. F. Brown ◽  
J. H. Butler

The term “gel”, in the jargon of the plastics film industry, may refer to any inclusion that produces a visible artifact in a polymeric film. Although they can occur in any plastic product, gels are a principle concern in films where they detract from the cosmetic appearance of the product and may compromise its mechanical strength by acting as local stress concentrators. Many film gels are small spheres or ellipsoids less than one millimeter in diameter whereas other gels are fusiform-shaped and may reach several centimeters in length. The actual composition of gel inclusions may vary from miscellaneous inorganics (i.e. glass and mineral particles) and processing additives to heavily oxidized, charred or crosslinked polymer. The most commonly observed gels contain polymer differing from the bulk of the sample in its melt viscosity, density or molecular weight.Polymeric gels are a special concern in polyethylene films. Over the years and with the examination of a variety of these samples three predominant polymeric species have been observed: density gels which have different crystallinity than the film; melt-index gels in which the molecular weight is different than the film and crosslinked gels which are comprised of crosslinked polyethylene.


Author(s):  
Robert L. Nelson ◽  
William P. Bridges
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Yun Kim ◽  
Gráinne M. Fitzsimons ◽  
Aaron C. Kay
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Moon Hwy-Chang ◽  
Wenyang Yin

Although North Korea is one of the most closed countries in the world, it has long been pursuing international cooperation with other countries in order to upgrade the quality of its film industry to international standards. Preceding studies on this topic have mainly focused on the political influences behind filmmaking in general and very few studies have exclusively dealt with North Korea’s international co-productions. In this respect, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the internalization strategy of North Korea’s film productions, this paper uses the global value chain as a framework for analysis. This approach helps understand the internationalization pattern of each value chain activity of film co-productions in terms of the film location and the methods for collaborating with foreign partners. By dividing the evolution of North Korea’s international co-productions into three periods since the 1980s, this paper finds that although North Korea has shown mixed results with different aspects of the film value chain, it has generally improved its internationalization over the three periods. This paper further provides strategic directions for North Korea by learning some of the successful Chinese experiences in the film sector regarding collaboration with foreign partners—to foster a win-win situation for all involved parties.


Author(s):  
Sarah Atkinson

From Film Practice to Data Process critically examines the practices of independent digital feature filmmaking in contemporary Britain. The business of conventional feature filmmaking is like no other, in that it assembles a huge company of people from a range of disciplines on a temporary basis, all to engage in the collaborative endeavour of producing a unique, one-off piece of work. The book explicitly interrogates what is happening at the frontiers of contemporary ‘digital film’ production at a key transitional moment in 2012, when both the film industry and film-production practices were situated between the two distinct medium polarities of film and digital. With an in-depth case study of Sally Potter’s 2012 film Ginger & Rosa, drawing upon interviews with international film industry practitioners, From Film Practice to Data Process is an examination of film production in its totality, in a moment of profound change.


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