The Changing Patterns of North Korea’s International Film Co-Productions Since the 1980s: A Global Value Chain Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Moon Hwy-Chang ◽  
Wenyang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Film Productions

Although North Korea is one of the most closed countries in the world, it has long been pursuing international cooperation with other countries in order to upgrade the quality of its film industry to international standards. Preceding studies on this topic have mainly focused on the political influences behind filmmaking in general and very few studies have exclusively dealt with North Korea’s international co-productions. In this respect, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the internalization strategy of North Korea’s film productions, this paper uses the global value chain as a framework for analysis. This approach helps understand the internationalization pattern of each value chain activity of film co-productions in terms of the film location and the methods for collaborating with foreign partners. By dividing the evolution of North Korea’s international co-productions into three periods since the 1980s, this paper finds that although North Korea has shown mixed results with different aspects of the film value chain, it has generally improved its internationalization over the three periods. This paper further provides strategic directions for North Korea by learning some of the successful Chinese experiences in the film sector regarding collaboration with foreign partners—to foster a win-win situation for all involved parties.

scholarly journals Implementing Technology That Disrupts Health Systems but not Quality of Care: The Pocket Colposcope in Lima, Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Marlee Krieger ◽  
Nimmi Ramanujam ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Dotson Libby
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Iron Triangle

PURPOSE Innovative devices are often targeted at increasing access, improving quality, or reducing costs—the three axes of the infamous Iron Triangle of Health Care, which are notoriously difficult to simultaneously optimize. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate that disruptive technologies, if high quality and appropriately implemented, can result in improved access, cost, and quality of care, overcoming the conventional constraints of the Iron Triangle framework. METHODS Our team conducted a global value chain analysis of the Pocket Colposcope in Lima, Peru, and developed surveys and conducted in-depth interviews to evaluate Pocket Colposcope stakeholders. All surveys were developed with consultations from the Duke Evidence Lab and had institutional review board approval. RESULTS The global value chain identified 5 leverage points: regulatory approval, task shifting, collaboration, telemedicine, and patient acceptance. We also identified stakeholders and processes that affect the degree to which the Pocket Colposcope is successfully implemented. Of women surveyed, 39.4% answered that they had previously wanted a cervical cancer screening test, but had been unable to receive one as a result of some barrier. The most common responses were distance to clinics (31.0%), participants could not leave work (27.6%), and patients were afraid of receiving a cancer diagnosis (20.7%). All 4 midwives who participated in the focus group identified the portability of the Pocket Colposcope as the device’s most appealing feature. Providers identified the quality of the image, cost to patient, and ease of use as the 3 most important aspects of the Pocket Colposcope. CONCLUSION The Pocket Colposcope provides an opportunity to make high-quality diagnostic technology more accessible at a cheaper price for more people. Often, disruptive technology in low-income settings is expected to increase access at the cost of reducing quality. In the case of the Pocket Colposcope, the disruptive technology is significantly cheaper than existing technology, but quality is still high enough to succeed.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous spillover effects of outward FDI on global value chain participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-626
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wang ◽  
Shumei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Outward Fdi

This study delves into the effects of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on global value chain (GVC) participation from 2000 to 2014. The utilization of traditional panel models, the spatial Durbin model (SDM), and the threshold model provides a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneous spillover effects of outward FDI. The results show that increased outward FDI not only facilitates the GVC participation of parent countries but also has a profound impact on that of other countries. The spillover effects of outward FDI play a vital role in the GVC participation of low total factor productivity (TFP) countries. However, for developed countries with high TFP levels, outward FDI has positive impacts on deep GVC participation while not influencing shallow participation. These findings serve as an extension to the relevant theories and suggest a way for developing countries to capture gains from outward FDI and participate further in GVCs.

scholarly journals Downgrading by improvement?

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Lessmeister
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Desirable Effect

AbstractFor many actors in developing countries the integration into a global value chain is the only possibility to gain access to western markets. The Moroccan actors quickly adapted to international standards and made the Atlas Mountains a well known destination for trekkers. This process of organizational learning however did not stick with the actors inside the chain, it spread over to other actors in the region and this at first seemed to be a desirable effect as it provoked regional development. But soon it turned out that it also increased competition and hence weakened the position of the Moroccan actors compared with the European lead firms who where well protected by efficient barriers to their activities. The paper argues that organizational learning does not necessarily lead to a process of upgrading when the market is restricted and no sufficient barriers to protect this knowledge are possible. Knowledge then will become a ubiquitous asset and the achieved enhancement on the regional scale will lead to entrepreneurial losses for the single actor

Miguel Caballero: Marketing Strategy of Colombian Bulletproof Fashion Brand

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452098883
Author(s):  
Jashim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Tasnim Tarannum ◽  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Pushpita Mim
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Strategy Execution ◽  
Business World ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Fashion Brand ◽  
Graduation Project

Miguel Caballero is the epitome of what can be called a ‘Fashionable Protective Wear’. The brand was named after its brainchild Miguel Caballero himself during the raging times in Columbia. Back in the 1990s specifically, the political beliefs were compartmentalized into different violent groups in the country. Miguel envisioned this as a fancy business opportunity with a little bit of trick up his sleeve. His idea was to add fashion and pliability to a category of apparel that was once deemed to have been nothing more than a baggy, ugly-looking and inconvenient piece of must wear; not to mention the noticeability of the clothing and how it magnified the ones wearing it even more to the eyes of the oppressor. Although it was part of a graduation project, yet it turned into a whole business model. This case discloses Miguel Caballero’s journey and evolution of the brand throughout the decades. The brand has now become a state-of-the-art enterprise with a global value chain, and it is also standing at the top of its industry because of its unique strategy execution of engagement marketing. The company is the trendsetter and holds a massive market share with distinguishing strategies which exemplifies a perfect paradigm of the contemporary business world.

scholarly journals The political economy of governance in a ‘global value chain world’

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Mayer ◽  
Nicola Phillips ◽  
Anne C. Posthuma
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Value Chain

scholarly journals Small Country, Big Films: An Analysis of the New Zealand Feature Film Industry (2002-2012)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Natàlia Ferrer-Roca
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Small Market ◽  
Film Productions

<p>This thesis explores the contextual, institutional, and economic characteristics that influence contemporary feature filmmaking in New Zealand. It identifies and analyses the conditions and circumstances that have made it possible for New Zealand, as a country whose relatively small market size combines with its geographical remoteness, to not only create and sustain a feature film production industry, but also achieve unusual success for the resulting films, in critical and/or commercial terms. Applying an institutional political economy perspective to its research and analyses, this study draws on archival material, policy analysis and expert interviews with key personnel in industry and state agencies, in its undertaking of a ‘value chain’ examination of New Zealand feature film productions. Seven case studies are used to examine the distinguishing factors of the three kinds of productions – ‘tiers’ – that constitute the New Zealand feature film industry, with an emphasis on the connections between these tiers, as well as their individual significance for feature filmmaking in New Zealand.  The study’s successful application of the three-tier feature film production ecology to the contemporary New Zealand filmmaking context is valuable for its capacity to add clarity to existing distinctions between the different types of film production occurring in Twenty-first Century New Zealand. Those are subject to, and emerge from, sometimes very different institutional and financing arrangements, and thus entail different expectations. Important in determining these differences is the question of whether a film’s contribution to a country is primarily cultural or economic, or, is situated somewhere between these functions and expectations. Central to the study’s ‘value chain’ structure and mode of analysis is the investigation of the priorities and motivations of the main institutions and agents involved, in recognition of their capacity to profoundly shape the possibilities for feature film production in New Zealand.  This thesis argues that New Zealand is best advised to maintain and nurture all three-tiers of feature productions, because they depend on and complement each other. Together, they have contributed significantly to the success of the New Zealand feature film industry. To sustain this competitive position and to develop the country’s filmmaking potential further, it will be crucial for New Zealand’s public institutions to ensure continued support for bottom- and middle-tier films in particular, both in terms of favourable policies and funding allocations. Continued support is justified not just in recognition of the important cultural contributions of bottom- and middle-tier films, but also to help these film productions overcome the financial hurdles imposed by a small domestic market and limited economies of scale.</p>

scholarly journals Small Country, Big Films: An Analysis of the New Zealand Feature Film Industry (2002-2012)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Natàlia Ferrer-Roca
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Small Market ◽  
Film Productions

<p>This thesis explores the contextual, institutional, and economic characteristics that influence contemporary feature filmmaking in New Zealand. It identifies and analyses the conditions and circumstances that have made it possible for New Zealand, as a country whose relatively small market size combines with its geographical remoteness, to not only create and sustain a feature film production industry, but also achieve unusual success for the resulting films, in critical and/or commercial terms. Applying an institutional political economy perspective to its research and analyses, this study draws on archival material, policy analysis and expert interviews with key personnel in industry and state agencies, in its undertaking of a ‘value chain’ examination of New Zealand feature film productions. Seven case studies are used to examine the distinguishing factors of the three kinds of productions – ‘tiers’ – that constitute the New Zealand feature film industry, with an emphasis on the connections between these tiers, as well as their individual significance for feature filmmaking in New Zealand.  The study’s successful application of the three-tier feature film production ecology to the contemporary New Zealand filmmaking context is valuable for its capacity to add clarity to existing distinctions between the different types of film production occurring in Twenty-first Century New Zealand. Those are subject to, and emerge from, sometimes very different institutional and financing arrangements, and thus entail different expectations. Important in determining these differences is the question of whether a film’s contribution to a country is primarily cultural or economic, or, is situated somewhere between these functions and expectations. Central to the study’s ‘value chain’ structure and mode of analysis is the investigation of the priorities and motivations of the main institutions and agents involved, in recognition of their capacity to profoundly shape the possibilities for feature film production in New Zealand.  This thesis argues that New Zealand is best advised to maintain and nurture all three-tiers of feature productions, because they depend on and complement each other. Together, they have contributed significantly to the success of the New Zealand feature film industry. To sustain this competitive position and to develop the country’s filmmaking potential further, it will be crucial for New Zealand’s public institutions to ensure continued support for bottom- and middle-tier films in particular, both in terms of favourable policies and funding allocations. Continued support is justified not just in recognition of the important cultural contributions of bottom- and middle-tier films, but also to help these film productions overcome the financial hurdles imposed by a small domestic market and limited economies of scale.</p>

scholarly journals Factor interaction in prevention of torture Reflections based on Carver and Handley’s research (with Comment by the authors of the book and Response by the author of the paper)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Draminsky Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Efficiency Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Factor Interaction

Summary“Does torture prevention work?” is a very comprehensive book based on commendably profound research in 16 countries. It contains a wealth of very important results concerning the relationship between a multitude of factors in the prevention and occurrence of torture. However, the results described may be interpreted in a manner different to how it was done in the book. The intention of this paper is to draw attention to some challenges in the research design and to give a broader view of the complexity of torture prevention. The book: The authors have identified a host of preventive factors, organised them in clusters (detention law and practice; prosecution (of torturers) law and practice; complaint law and practice; and, monitoring law and practice), and scored them according to whether they fulfil international standards. A torture score comprising frequency, geographical spread and severity of torture was constructed (CHATS). Ill-treatment was excluded. Correlations between preventive factors, clusters and CHATS were calculated. However, the interrelationship between various factors and clusters was not analysed. The main findings included that detention practice had the strongest (negative) correlation to torture and that the torture scoring, pooled for all countries, declined during the study period (1985-2014). Comment: For several reasons, distinguishing ‘more severe torture’ from ‘torture’ is problematic. Excluding illtreatment in the research is also problematic because the border between the two may be blurred and difficult to interpret and it may be manipulated by authorities, leading to falsely low torture incidence. The pooling of data of diverse quality may hide outstanding prevention results. Identification and implementation of best practices is recommended. Preventive means implemented with low quality may give legitimacy to practices in torturing detentions. The quality of preventive actions is key to efficiency. Factors and clusters of preventive means interact in synergy making each other fully effective. A new model for torture prevention is proposed, which emphasises that all preventive means interact together with transparency, lack of corruption and reprisals, forming the practices in detention where torture takes place. The political will to prevent torture is a key factor.

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