Mao Zedong (Mao Tse–tung) (1893–1976)

Author(s):  
Mobo Gao
Keyword(s):  
1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-943
Author(s):  
Yves Chevrier
Keyword(s):  

Dans une étude classique sans cesse rééditée depuis trente ans (Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao, Harvard Univ. Press, 1951), Benjamin Schwartz attribuait la victoire du parti communiste dans la révolution chinoise et l'ascension de Mao Zedong au sein de ce Parti à la mise au point — par Mao — d'une « formule » révolutionnaire originale reposant sur la paysannerie et sur l'armée. Avec le tournant des soviets du Jiangxi (1928-1934), Mao s'était fait l'homme de la militarisation et de la ruralisation d'une stratégie jusqu'alors calquée sur le modèle urbain des révolutions européennes, modèle que l'Internationale communiste avait relayé et appliqué sans succès en Chine dans les années 1920. La mise en oeuvre de la guérilla rurale avait opposé Mao à Moscou et plus encore aux hommes de Moscou, maîtres du Comité central demeuré clandestinement à Shanghai après le désastre de 1927 : Li Lisan tout d'abord (1929-1930) puis, derrière Wang Ming et Bo Gu, les « Vingt-huit bolcheviks ». En 1933, l'installation du Comité central à Ruijin (capitale des soviets du Jiangxi) avait consacré, selon Schwartz, la victoire d'une légitimité des faits (Mao) sur la légalité (les hommes de Shanghai et de Moscou).


1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Michel von Kretschman
Keyword(s):  

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Raphaël Jacquet
Keyword(s):  

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Gilbert Padoul
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
E. Elena Songster

The year 1976 was monumental for China with the loss of important state leaders, and a tragic earthquake. Amidst all of the government’s active response to a panda starvation scare demonstrates the importance of this animal to China. A repeat starvation scare in the mid-1980s creates an opportunity to trace the transformation of China from Mao Zedong era to the Deng Xiaoping era by juxtaposing the two panda-starvation scares. The responses to these two scares demonstrate a shift in the perception of nature from one of state ownership to one of popular ownership and illustrate the dramatic increase in international participation in the study of the panda and the efforts to preserve this national treasure.


1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Hua Ming
Keyword(s):  

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 74-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ming Shaw

Reverend John Leighton Stuart (1876–1962) served as U.S. ambassador to China from July 1946 until August 1949. In the many discussions of his ambassadorship the one diplomatic mission that has aroused the most speculation and debate was his abortive trip to Beijing, contemplated in June–July 1949, to meet with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. Some students of Sino-American relations have claimed that had this trip been made the misunderstanding and subsequent hostility between the United States and the People's Republic of China in the post-1949 period could have been avoided; therefore, the unmaking of this trip constituted another “lost chance in China” in establishing a working relationship between the two countries. But others have thought that given the realities of the Cold War in 1949 and the internal political constraints existing in each country, no substantial result could have been gained from such a trip. Therefore, the thesis of a “lost chance in China” was more an unfounded speculation than a credible affirmation.


1985 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Richard L. Sklar

In this day and age, Marxism-Leninism is the leading and least parochial theory of social revolution in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It strongly appeals to intellectuals who believe that capitalist imperialism in “neocolonial” forms perpetuates social injustice on a world scale; and that a “conscious minority’ ‘ or vanguard of the downtrodden should establish a “developmental dictatorship” dedicated to the pursuit of economic and social progress. Since the death of Mao Zedong and the subsequent repudiation of his economic theories in China, collectivism as an economic strategy has been reassessed and found wanting in other countries whose leaders are disposed to learn from China. For example, in the People’s Republic of the Congo, where collectivist methods, inspired by Marxism-Leninism have been discarded in favor of entrepreneurial methods, the minister of agriculture has said simply, “Marxism without revenue is Marxism without a future.”


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