social injustice
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Erkenntnis ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Peters

AbstractIt has recently been argued that to tackle social injustice, implicit biases and unjust social structures should be targeted equally because they sustain and ontologically overlap with each other. Here I develop this thought further by relating it to the hypothesis of extended cognition. I argue that if we accept common conditions for extended cognition then people’s implicit biases are often partly realized by and so extended into unjust social structures. This supports the view that we should counteract psychological and social contributors to injustice equally. But it also has a significant downside. If unjust social structures are part of people’s minds then dismantling these structures becomes more difficult than it currently is, as this will then require us to overcome widely accepted ethical and legal barriers protecting people’s bodily and personal integrity. Thus, while there are good grounds to believe that people’s biases and unjust social structures ontologically overlap, there are also strong ethical reasons to reject this view. Metaphysical and ethical intuitions about implicit bias hence collide in an important way.


2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110621
Author(s):  
Cullen F. Goenner

In this study, I examine the role racial minorities in the boardroom can play in reducing social injustice by promoting more equal access to mortgage credit to minority households. I develop a simple theoretical model that posits directors who are racial minorities provide the credit unions they govern with a perspective that shapes lenders’ trust of minority applicants. This trust is shaped by homophily and the tendency of individuals to prefer interactions with similar individuals. Using mortgage loan data from a cross-section of credit unions in the United States from 185,446 applications, I find that credit unions where the majority of board members are minorities are less likely to reject a similarly qualified minority applicant than their counterparts. Governance by minority directors significantly reduces the effects of discrimination faced by minority applicants. The board’s effect is strongest in minority neighborhoods and where the homophily is stronger between directors and applicants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (34)) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Srbuhi Michikyan

The food trade and service sector is considered to be the most uncertain, with a strong expression of instability both worldwide and in Armenia. Currently, the term precariousness is widely used in the field to describe the uncertainty and risks in the field. Research on food trade and services in Armenia has been conducted recently, but there have been no sociological studies on patterns of precariousness in the field. The study of patterns of precariousness provides an in-depth look at sectoral uncertainty and risk in relation to broader social structures. The purpose of this article is to study the patterns of precariousness expressed in the field through secondary analysis, which will provide opportunities for deeper analysis in the future, emphasizing the expressions of social injustice and inequality.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Vestergren ◽  
Mete Sefa Uysal ◽  
Selin Tekin

People around the globe were and are affected by the highly contagious virus SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus, COVID-19) far beyond the virus itself. Despite the high viral transmission, people did not stop acting collectively. Sometimes these collective actions were against government regulations to health and safety (e.g., anti-lockdown), or to deal with systemic injustice and inequality affecting specific groups (e.g., Black Lives Matter). In this conceptual paper, we discuss the relation between protests and disasters. More specifically we discuss the crucial element of perceived social injustice and inequality for protest to emerge during or in the aftermath of disasters. We review literature related to disasters and protests before moving on to the COVID-19 pandemic to discuss how the context of COVID-19 can have influenced protests as well as protests’ potential impact on viral transmission. We demonstrate that protests during or in the aftermath of disasters are not uncommon. Furthermore, we suggest a direct link between emergent or increased perceived injustice and inequality and protests during/after disasters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Esa Käyhkö

Resilience ethics means a shared ethical responsibility for our actions and environment. Sustainable governance is interested in the complexity of sustainability and the rise of resilience thinking. There are multiple ways to apply the idea of resilience to shared narratives about public problems and environmental concerns for the future. In particular, resilience ethics are related to human interventions in ecosystems and the resultant responsibility to care for them. The integration of resilience and sustainability leads us to study the distribution of wealth and other root causes of social inequality and injustice. The current paper argues that institutional change and collective action are critical elements in society’s resilience. Therefore, three global problems should be addressed as the focus of resilience and sustainability: (1) divided societies and growing inequalities should be considered in terms of income distribution, employment, and education; (2) wealth and power should be redistributed in terms of common-pool resources and affected communities; and (3) intersectional inequality should be reconsidered in different axes of oppression and social injustice. A renewed perspective for democratic and responsible citizenship is required to enhance direct citizen participation in public policies and social change. In this regard, social and administrative scientific advances create opportunities for the resilient future.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Anne Murphy

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez’s La barraca (The Cabin, 1898) presents a vivid portrait of the struggles of the rural population of the Valencian huerta. When the local people prevent a plot of land from being cultivated as an act of popular resistance against the landowning class, the arrival of Batiste Borrull provokes a campaign of marginalisation and aggression against his family. The collective violence of the mob enacted by men, women and children is unleashed against his daughter Roseta, his sons, and finally five-year-old Pascualet, who is pushed into an irrigation ditch by hostile boys and contracts a fatal infection. The mounting brutality that culminates in the death of a young child becomes a powerful manifestation of social pathologies including rural primitivism, alcoholism and entrenched poverty. This article explores ideological and discursive contexts for the portrait of rural violence at the turn of the twentieth century, including class-based theories of degeneration and crowd psychology. It also examines the trope of stagnant water that courses through the plain as a symbol of contamination, echoing the moral sickness of rural society. Critics have argued that in his social protest novels, Blasco Ibáñez denounces the idle and degenerate bourgeoisie, following instead the anarchist and socialist argument that the vices of the proletariat are the result of capitalist exploitation (Fuentes 2009). By contrast, this article proposes that La barraca underscores the primitivism and pathological violence of the landless rural labourers, thereby reinforcing a bourgeois ideological foundation for the exposition of social injustice in late nineteenth-century Spain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Joyce Balls-Berry

Abstract Persons of African Ancestry (Black) encompasses a broad spectrum of individuals across the African diaspora. The diversity of the Black community must be considered in the context of SSDoH especially as it relates to diseases of aging. Blacks report higher levels of discrimination as a barrier to Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementia (ADRD) care, are less likely to receive timely diagnoses of ADRD, and many do not trust that a future cure for ADRD will be shared equally and equitability with their community compared to their white counterparts. Once diagnosed, older Blacks, are twice as likely as their white counterparts to have ADRD. A key to addressing the Black community’s ADRD needs is speaking openly about the historical underpinnings related to social injustice and racism as a link to appropriate ADRD diagnoses. Ultimately, SSDoH impact treatment, healthcare policy, and the future of biomedical research for the Black community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 417-417
Author(s):  
Danielle Waldron ◽  
Kalisha Bonds Johnson

Abstract Are you an ESPO member curious about what the “new normal” means for your future career in the field of aging? Or are you a GSA member interested in hearing from your colleagues about their experiences over the past year? Welcome to the ESPO Presidential Symposium! During this session, speakers will share honest and candid insights about their careers in the field of aging amidst the pandemic, racial discrimination/social unrest, and economic insecurity. Speakers in the ESPO Presidential symposium include: Dr. Thomas K.M Cudjoe, Dr. Candace S. Brown, and Dr. Marnin J. Heisel. Dr. Cudjoe, a physician, will discuss his clinical experience treating older adults with COVID-19, the shift to tele-health, and his research on the impact of social isolation on older adults. Dr. Brown, an academician, will discuss how the new attention to the longstanding issues of social injustice in the U.S. shaped her teaching pedagogy, research, student mentorship, and provide critical context regarding the impact of COVID-19 on Black and Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC) professors. Dr. Heisel, a clinical psychologist, will share how his intervention research on resiliency and well-being in older adulthood shifted amidst the “new normal,” as well as how older adults in his clinical practice encountered and coped with difficulties over this past year. As our society confronts social injustice, tackles health implications of COVID-19, and adjusts to a new way of life, we must consider how these factors, together, inform the interdisciplinary stories of struggle and resilience in the field of aging.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Wan Ahmad Fauzi bin Hashim Wan Husain

The special position of Malays and Natives of Sabah and Sarawak remains a national debate despite the fact that its position has been lawfully accorded according to Article 153, Federal Constitution. Those who had significantly benefitted from the implementation of policies under Article 153 among non-Malays and non-Natives of Sabah and Sarawak, especially from an economic policy have yet turned up to defend many allegations thrown at the Government. As a matter of fact, many Malays themselves admitted that the Government had introduced many good programs to elevate the living standard of their community but yet to see much improvement across the country. On the contrary, the wealth accumulated by non-Malays as well as non-Natives of Sabah and Sarawak beyond RM1 billion personal net worth as shown in many popular magazines has proven to increase both in the number of individuals and its value. Hence, this paper aims to examine Article 153 and its governance on policies for affirmative action against social injustice using historical and legal analysis methods. The findings in this study could justify the position of Article 153 and evaluate the truth of so many allegations against it.


Author(s):  
Галина Тимофеевна Мельникова

Введение. Обращение к творчеству Николая Филипповича Павлова представляется актуальным. Он оставил значительный след в русской литературе первой половины XIX в., одним из первых поднял тему социальной несправедливости и антигуманности общественных порядков. Творчество автора высоко оценивалось читателями и критиками 30-х гг. XIX в. Однако имя автора сборников «Три повести» и «Новые повести» уже к концу века попало в число «забытых». В исследованиях, посвященных романтизму Н. Ф. Павлова, упоминали как писателя, творчество которого носило переходный характер, отмечалось его «движение» от романтизма к реализму. Цель – анализ идейно-тематического своеобразия повести Павлова «Ятаган» с точки зрения отражения общественных и культурных реалий России первой трети XIX в. Материал и методы. Исследуется повесть Павлова «Ятаган», вошедшая в первый сборник прозаических произведений автора «Три повести», который стал событием в общественной и литературной жизни России 1830-х годов. В работе использованы биографический, историко-культурный, сравнительно-сопоставительный методы исследования. Результаты и обсуждение. В повести «Ятаган» автор создал правдивую картину социальных отношений и нравов русского общества первой трети XIX в.: представил социальную иерархию, особое отношение к военным и военной службе, дуэльную традицию. Драматические обстоятельства, в которые попадает главный герой, отражают нравственную и социальную проблему несправедливости, армейской жестокости, которая обострилась в годы правления Николая I. В начале повести главный герой, делающий первые жизненные шаги, полон восторга перед будущим и романтических мечтаний, которые впоследствии разрушаются жестокой действительностью. С образом ятагана связан мотив рока. Пришедшая из народной мифологии «плохая» примета становится пророческой, а подарок матери – символической причиной гибели героя. Заключение. В романтической светской повести «Ятаган» автором художественно представлены общественные отношения и культурные традиции первой трети XIX в. Поднятые им злободневные для 1830-х годов темы телесных наказаний и социальной несправедливости в армии нашли отражение в реалистической литературе начала XX в. Introduction. The author seems it relevant to appeal to the works of Nikolai Filippovich Pavlov, who left a significant impact on the Russian literature of the first half of the XIX century. He, being one of the first, raised the topic of social injustice and inhumanity of public orders. Though, the readers and critics of the 30s of the XIX century highly appreciated Pavlov’s works, the name of the author of the collections “Three Stories” and “New Stories” had become already among the “forgotten” by the end of the century. The scientists of Romanticism still mention N. Pavlov as a writer whose works were of a transitional nature and note his “movement” from romanticism to realism. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to analyze the ideological and thematic originality of Pavlov’s story “Scimitar” from the point of view of reflecting the social and cultural realities of Russia of the first third of the XIX century. Material and methods. The author examines Pavlov’s novel “Scimitar” included in the first collection of prose “Three Stories”, which became a triumph in the social and literary life of Russia of the 1830s. The author uses biographical, historical, cultural and comparative methods of research. Results and discussion. In the story “Scimitar” the author creates a true picture of the social relations and mores of the Russian society of the first third of the XIX century: he presents the social hierarchy, a special attitude to the military men and service, and the dueling tradition. The dramatic circumstances in which the main character finds himself reflect the moral and social problem of injustice, army brutality, escalating during the reign of Nicholas I. At the beginning of the story, the main character, undertaking the first steps in life, is full of enthusiasm for the future romantic dreams, which the reality subsequently cruelly destroys. The motif of doom refers to the image of the scimitar. The “bad” omen coming from folk mythology becomes prophetic, while the mother’s gift symbolically results in the hero’s death. Conclusion. In the romantic novel “Scimitar”, Pavlov artistically describes social relations and cultural traditions of the Russia of the first half of the XIX century. The themes of corporal punishment and social injustice in the army, which were topical for the 1830s, are reflected in the realistic literature of the early twentieth century.


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