The Role of the Posterior Fossa in Pediatric Neuropsychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Soe ◽  
Cassie D. Karlsson ◽  
David W. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa

CNTM-06. Individual Cerebrocerebellar Functional Network Analysis for Decoding the Symptomatological Dynamics of Posterior Fossa Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi225-vi225
Author(s):  
Ko-Ting Chen ◽  
Sheng-Yao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Posterior Fossa Syndrome ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Common Pathogenesis

Abstract Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) consists of three types of symptom (motoric, linguistic, and neurobehavioral) in patients with posterior fossa pathologies. The evolutional mechanism of this high cognitive syndromic complex from cerebellar origin remains unconfirmed. Previous studies analyzing PFS patients mostly focused on the association between structural abnormalities that occur during PFS, of which proximal efferent cerebellar pathway (pECP) injury appears to be the most common pathogenesis. However, structural imaging may not be sensitive enough to determine the dynamic course of PFS, since the symptomatology is primarily an output of cerebral operation. On the other hand, a network neuroscience approach using a mathematical model to extract information from functional imaging to generate interregional connectivity provides abundant evidence that the cerebellum is influential in modulating cerebral functions. This study applied a network approach to children with PFS. Scaling of each symptom domain was used to quantify the dynamics of the syndrome. An individual cerebrocerebellar functional network analysis was then performed to determine the network dynamics during PFS. Cross-validation of clinical neurophysiology and functional neuroscience suggested the critical role of the pECP within PFS from the network analysis. The employed approach was therefore useful in determining the complex clinical symptoms using individual functional network analysis, which bridges the gap between structural neuroimaging and clinical neurophysiology.

scholarly journals Mature salivary gland rests within sonic hedgehog–positive medulloblastoma: case report and insights into the molecular genetics and embryopathology of ectopic intracranial salivary gland analogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berje Shammassian ◽  
Sunil Manjila ◽  
Efrem Cox ◽  
Kaine Onwuzulike ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Cerebellar Medulloblastoma ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Intracranial ectopic salivary gland rests within dural-based lesions are reported very infrequently in the literature. The authors report the unique case of a 12-year-old boy with a cerebellar medulloblastoma positive for sonic hedgehog (Shh) that contained intraaxial mature ectopic salivary gland rests. The patient underwent clinical and radiological monitoring postoperatively, until he died of disseminated disease. An autopsy showed no evidence of salivary glands within disseminated lesions. The intraaxial presence of salivary gland rests and concomitant Shh positivity of the described tumor point to a disorder in differentiation as opposed to ectopic developmental foci, which are uniformly dural based in the described literature. The authors demonstrate the characteristic “papilionaceous” appearance of the salivary glands with mucicarmine stain and highlight the role of Shh signaling in explaining the intraaxial presence of seromucous gland analogs. This article reports the first intraaxial posterior fossa tumor with heterotopic salivary gland rests, and it provides molecular and embryopathological insights into the development of these lesions.

scholarly journals The role of the basal cisterns in the development of posterior fossa skull base meningiomas

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Ioan Stefan Florian ◽  
Gheorghe Ungureanu ◽  
Alexandru Florian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Skull Base Meningiomas ◽  
Basal Cisterns

Abstract Meningiomas account for more than 30% of all intracranial brain tumors, with 25% of them originating somewhere along the skull base and about 20% of these located in the posterior fossa. The intimate relation of these tumors with neural and vascular structures make them difficult to treat, both surgically and nonsurgically. Their treatment is further hampered by the lack of definitive recommendations, which is partially due to the fact that there is no general accepted model of classification. The present report proposes a new concept of classification of posterior fossa skull base meningiomas, one that takes into account the intimate relation of these tumors with arachnoid structures, simplifies the overcrowded landscape of their systematization and can be extended to oher skull base locations.

Pediatric Posterior Fossa Medulloblastoma: The Role of Diffusion Imaging in Identifying Molecular Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511
Author(s):  
Nihaal Reddy ◽  
David W. Ellison ◽  
Bruno P. Soares ◽  
Kathryn A. Carson ◽  
Thierry A. G. M. Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Diffusion Imaging

scholarly journals VP50.05: The role of ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of the fetal posterior fossa anomalies

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S1) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
J.M. Ben Ammar ◽  
F. Mraihi ◽  
H. Ben Ahmed ◽  
J. Basly ◽  
O. Mchirgui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging

scholarly journals The role of screening spinal MRI in children with solitary posterior fossa low-grade glial tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Neal Fischer ◽  
David D. Limbrick ◽  
Travis CreveCoeur ◽  
Liat Ben-Sira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Spread ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Spinal Mri ◽  
Cranial Metastasis

OBJECTIVESolitary posterior fossa low-grade glial tumors (SPFLGT) in children are rarely associated with leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD). To date, there are no clear guidelines regarding the role of screening and surveillance spinal MRI (sMRI) in children with SPFLGT, at diagnosis or during follow-up periods. The current study reviews a cohort of children with SPFLGT, focusing on sMRI findings.METHODSIn this binational retrospective study, the authors analyzed 229 patients with SPFLGT treated and followed over 13 years. One hundred twelve children had at least 1 total sMRI screening or surveillance examination. One hundred seventeen had no sMRI, but did not present with clinical spinal signs or symptoms. Collected data included demographics, disease characteristics, radiology, pathology, and clinical follow-up data.RESULTSFor the 112 children with at least 1 sMRI, the mean duration from diagnosis to first sMRI was 11.73 ± 28.66 months (range 0–165 months). All sMRI scans were conducted as screening examinations, with no spinal-related symptoms. One patient was found to have a sacral intradural lesion concurrent to the brain tumor diagnosis. Over the course of 180 radiological and 533 clinical follow-up years for the 112 patients with sMRI, and 582 clinical follow-up years for the 117 patients with no sMRI, there were no additional cases with spinal tumor spread.CONCLUSIONSThe yield of screening sMRI in the absence of cranial metastasis, or spinal symptoms, is extremely low. Because preoperative sMRI is recommended for medulloblastomas and ependymomas, it may be logical to acquire. During the follow-up period the authors recommend limiting sMRI in patients without symptoms suggesting a spinal lesion, in patients without known cranial metastases, or recurrence or residual SPFLGT.

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