People with a learning disability (LD) find it harder to learn certain life skills. The problems experienced vary from person to person, but may include learning new things, communication, managing money, reading, writing and personal care. Evidence indicates that people with LDs have poorer health than people without a LD, and have differences in health status that are, to an extent, avoidable. The health inequalities faced by people with LDs in the UK usually start early in life, and often result from barriers to access of timely, appropriate and effective healthcare. It is, therefore, essential at annual checks to opportunistically screen and holistically manage health inequalities. LD is a priority in the National Health Service’s Long Term Plan. Although a LD (depending upon severity) generally becomes apparent in early childhood, this article focuses on LDs in adults. LD and ‘intellectual disability’ are terms used interchangeably and recognised by the Mental Health Foundation.