Meta-programming with Typed Object-Language Representations

This chapter considers whether internal categoricity can be used to leverage any claims about mathematical truth. We begin by noting that internal categoricity allows us to introduce a truth-operator which gives an object-language expression to the supervaluationist semantics. In this way, the univocity discussed in previous chapters might seem to secure an object-language expression of determinacy of truth-value; but this hope falls short, because such truth-operators must be carefully distinguished from truth-predicates. To introduce these truth-predicates, we outline an internalist attitude towards model theory itself. We then use this to illuminate the cryptic conclusions of Putnam's justly-famous paper ‘Models and Reality’. We close this chapter by presenting Tarski’s famous result that truth for lower-order languages can be defined in higher-order languages.

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Staged abstract interpreters: fast and modular whole-program analysis via meta-programming

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages ◽

10.1145/3360552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (OOPSLA) ◽

pp. 1-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guannan Wei ◽

Yuxuan Chen ◽

Tiark Rompf

Keyword(s):

Program Analysis ◽

Meta Programming

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PCOL - A protocol-constrained object language

ACM SIGPLAN Notices ◽

10.1145/32091.32093 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 14-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jan van der Bos

Keyword(s):

Object Language

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Directionality of cross-linguistic influence: Which referring choices do bilingual Ukrainian–English children make?

International Journal of Bilingualism ◽

10.1177/1367006915603824 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 99-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Roksolana Mykhaylyk ◽

Elinor Ytterstad

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Dual Language ◽

Research Question ◽

Age Groups ◽

Direct Object ◽

Object Language ◽

Related Factors ◽

Main Research ◽

Null Object ◽

Significant Difference

Aims and research questions: This paper presents a new study addressing the issue of cross-linguistic influence in acquisition of referring expressions. The main research question is how to predict directionality of this influence in a dual language development. Methodology: The method is an elicited production task. We consider the phenomenon of direct object referring choices, i.e. noun, pronoun and null element, in a ‘null-object’–‘overt-object’ language pair (Ukrainian and English). Data and Analysis: Participants of the experiment are 4–6-year-old Ukrainian–English bilinguals (N20) and Ukrainian monolinguals (N21). The data are analyzed in the statistical program R, utilizing the R-library function lme4. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) of each direct object type. Findings: Our data reveal that while there is no significant difference in Ukrainian object types in most of the age groups, there is a considerable amount of null object usage in English at the ages of four to five. Originality: The innovative nature of this study lies in: (i) the consideration of a licit object omission at a later stage of language development (from 4 to 6 years of age); (ii) the examination of an under-investigated language combination (i.e. English and Ukrainian); and (iii) the innovative approach to linguistic data analysis (e.g. comparing OR values). Implications: Our findings suggest that the directionality of influence in dual language acquisition depends on the developmental stage, language-specific means of syntax–pragmatics interaction, and extra-linguistic input-related factors. At the early stages of development, the null-object language is likely to influence the overt-object language, especially under conditions of limited exposure to the latter.

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