Spiral of Hatred: Social Effects in Buyer-Seller Cross-Comments Left on Internet Auctions

Author(s):  
Radoslaw Nielek ◽  
Aleksander Wawer ◽  
Adam Wierzbicki
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Nielek ◽  
Aleksander Wawer ◽  
Adam Wierzbicki

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-171
Author(s):  
William H. Ittelson
Keyword(s):  

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
이민상 ◽  
Sangcheol Park

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-381
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Boggs
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Eugenio Salvati

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has placed severe pressure on the EU’s capacity to provide a timely and coordinated response capable of curbing the pandemic’s disastrous economic and social effects on EU member states. In this situation, the supranational institutions and their models of action are evidently under pressure, seeming incapable of leading the EU out of the stormy waters of the present crisis. The article frames the first months of management of the COVID-19 crisis at EU level as characterised by the limited increase in the level of steering capacity by supranational institutions, due to the reaffirmed centrality of the intergovernmental option. To explain this situation, the article considers the absence of the institutional capacity/legitimacy to extract resources from society(ies), and the subsequent impossibility of guaranteeing an effective and autonomous process of political (re)distribution, the key factors accounting for the weakness of vertical political integration in the response to the COVID-19 challenge. This explains why during the COVID-19 crisis as well, the pattern followed by the EU is rather similar to past patterns, thus confirming that this has fed retrenchment aimed at the enforcement of the intergovernmental model and the defence of the most sensitive core state powers against inference from supranational EU institutions.


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