Half-Value Layer Measurement for Effective Energy, Using Radiochromic Film and Step-Shaped Aluminum Filter

2009 ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gotanda ◽  
T. Katsuda ◽  
R. Gotanda ◽  
A. Tabuchi ◽  
T. Kuwano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Aluminum Filter

Evaluation of effective energy using radiochromic film and a step-shaped aluminum filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gotanda ◽  
T. Katsuda ◽  
R. Gotanda ◽  
A. Tabuchi ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Aluminum Filter

Evaluation of effective energy for QA and QC: Measurement of half-value layer using radiochromic film density

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gotanda ◽  
T. Katsuda ◽  
R. Gotanda ◽  
A. Tabuchi ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Film Density

scholarly journals Effective energy measurement using radiochromic film: application of a mobile scanner

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Gotanda ◽  
Toshizo Katsuda ◽  
Rumi Gotanda ◽  
Tadao Kuwano ◽  
Takuya Akagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
Energy Measurement ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Energy Dependency ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The effective energy calculated using the half-value layer (HVL) is an important parameter for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC). However constant monitoring has not been performed because measurements using an ionization chamber (IC) are time-consuming and complicated. To solve these problems, a method using radiochromic film (GAFCHROMIC EBT2 dosimetry film (GAF-EBT2) with slight energy dependency errors), a mobile scanner and step-shaped aluminum (SSAl) filter is developed. The results of the method using a mobile scanner were compared with those of the recommended method using an IC in order to evaluate its applicability. The difference ratios of the effective energies by each method using a mobile scanner with GAF-EBT2 were less than 5% compared with results of an IC. It is considered that this method offers a simple means of determining HVL for QA and QC consistently and quickly without the need for an IC dosimeter.

Evaluation of Scanner Image Properties of Radiochromic Film for Measuring Effective Energy

2015 ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Gotanda ◽  
Toshizo Katsuda ◽  
Rumi Gotanda ◽  
Takuya Akagawa ◽  
Tadao Kuwano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
Effective Energy

scholarly journals Kilovolt Peak Meter Design as a Calibrator of X-Ray Machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2328
Author(s):  
Hanifah Rahmi Fajrin ◽  
Zaipul Rahmat ◽  
Djoko Sukwono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Data Processor ◽  
Aluminum Filter

This research aimed to design the KvP meter for checking the error of output voltage from X-Ray machine with the range of 50-70 KvP. It used Arduino Gelatino microcontroller programmed with Arduino IDE software as data processor of detector result. The detector was designed based on the physics principle using material attenuation coefficient namely aluminum whose good effect in reducing the energy level of X-ray photons. Thus, the photodiode sensor only read the effective energy of the X-ray energy. Based on the radiation intensity ratio through the aluminum filter with 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm thickness, it is better to measure X-ray tube voltage non-invasively The KvP Meter was tested by setting duration of X-ray exposure that was 0.3 second, tube current was 10 mA, and KvP Meter distance from collimator was 90 cm. A prototype unit was made, and the performance was tested in terms of error and precision. After testing and analyzing the data, the error result was less than 5.1% with the highest measurement precision of ± 1.50.  It is generally concluded that this equipment can be used to measure the voltage of the X-ray tube.

A Cost-Effective Energy-Recovering Sustain Driving Circuit for ac Plasma Display Panels

2012 ◽  
Vol E95-C (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Jae Kwang LIM ◽  
Heung-Sik TAE ◽  
Byungcho CHOI ◽  
Seok Gi KIM
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Plasma Display Panels ◽  
Plasma Display ◽  
Driving Circuit

Geometrical accuracy of the Novalis stereotactic radiosurgery system for trigeminal neuralgia

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Rahimian ◽  
Joseph C. Chen ◽  
Ajay A. Rao ◽  
Michael R. Girvigian ◽  
Michael J. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geometrical Accuracy ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Stringent geometrical accuracy and precision are required in the stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of patients. Accurate targeting is especially important when treating a patient in a single fraction of a very high radiation dose (90 Gy) to a small target such as that used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (3 to 4—mm diameter). The purpose of this study was to determine the inaccuracies in each step of the procedure including imaging, fusion, treatment planning, and finally the treatment. The authors implemented a detailed quality-assurance program. Methods. Overall geometrical accuracy of the Novalis stereotactic system was evaluated using a Radionics Geometric Phantom Chamber. The phantom has several magnetic resonance (MR) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging—friendly objects of various shapes and sizes. Axial 1-mm-thick MR and CT images of the phantom were acquired using a T1-weighted three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled pulse sequence and the CT scanning protocols used clinically in patients. The absolute errors due to MR image distortion, CT scan resolution, and the image fusion inaccuracies were measured knowing the exact physical dimensions of the objects in the phantom. The isocentric accuracy of the Novalis gantry and the patient support system was measured using the Winston—Lutz test. Because inaccuracies are cumulative, to calculate the system's overall spatial accuracy, the root mean square (RMS) of all the errors was calculated. To validate the accuracy of the technique, a 1.5-mm-diameter spherical marker taped on top of a radiochromic film was fixed parallel to the x–z plane of the stereotactic coordinate system inside the phantom. The marker was defined as a target on the CT images, and seven noncoplanar circular arcs were used to treat the target on the film. The calculated system RMS value was then correlated with the position of the target and the highest density on the radiochromic film. The mean spatial errors due to image fusion and MR imaging were 0.41 ± 0.3 and 0.22 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Gantry and couch isocentricities were 0.3 ± 0.1 and 0.6 ± 0.15 mm, respectively. The system overall RMS values were 0.9 and 0.6 mm with and without the couch errors included, respectively (isocenter variations due to couch rotation are microadjusted between couch positions). The positional verification of the marker was within 0.7 ± 0.1 mm of the highest optical density on the radiochromic film, correlating well with the system's overall RMS value. The overall mean system deviation was 0.32 ± 0.42 mm. Conclusions. The highest spatial errors were caused by image fusion and gantry rotation. A comprehensive quality-assurance program was developed for the authors' stereotactic radiosurgery program that includes medical imaging, linear accelerator mechanical isocentricity, and treatment delivery. For a successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with a 4-mm cone, the overall RMS value of equal to or less than 1 mm must be guaranteed.

An overview of cost-effective energy storage technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Sayed Belal Hashimi ◽  
Hameedullah Zaheb ◽  
Najib Rahman Sabory
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Storage Technologies
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