The Properties of the Missing Fundamental of Complex Tones

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
T. Matsuoka ◽  
Y. Iitomi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Tones ◽  
Missing Fundamental

Dominance of missing fundamental versus spectrally cued pitch: Individual differences for complex tones with unresolved harmonics

2004 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 2257-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco Renken ◽  
J. Esther C. Wiersinga-Post ◽  
Sonja Tomaskovic ◽  
Hendrikus Duifhuis
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Missing Fundamental

scholarly journals Pitch of Complex Tones: Rate-Place and Interspike Interval Representations in the Auditory Nerve

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cedolin ◽  
Bertrand Delgutte
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Interval Representations ◽  
Missing Fundamental

Harmonic complex tones elicit a pitch sensation at their fundamental frequency (F0), even when their spectrum contains no energy at F0, a phenomenon known as “pitch of the missing fundamental.” The strength of this pitch percept depends upon the degree to which individual harmonics are spaced sufficiently apart to be “resolved” by the mechanical frequency analysis in the cochlea. We investigated the resolvability of harmonics of missing-fundamental complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) of anesthetized cats at low and moderate stimulus levels and compared the effectiveness of two representations of pitch over a much wider range of F0s (110–3,520 Hz) than in previous studies. We found that individual harmonics are increasingly well resolved in rate responses of AN fibers as the characteristic frequency (CF) increases. We obtained rate-based estimates of pitch dependent upon harmonic resolvability by matching harmonic templates to profiles of average discharge rate against CF. These estimates were most accurate for F0s above 400–500 Hz, where harmonics were sufficiently resolved. We also derived pitch estimates from all-order interspike-interval distributions, pooled over our entire sample of fibers. Such interval-based pitch estimates, which are dependent on phase-locking to the harmonics, were accurate for F0s below 1,300 Hz, consistent with the upper limit of the pitch of the missing fundamental in humans. The two pitch representations are complementary with respect to the F0 range over which they are effective; however, neither is entirely satisfactory in accounting for human psychophysical data.

Noise‐induced shifts in the pitch of pure and complex tones

1981 ◽  
Vol 69 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S119
Author(s):  
Adrianus J. M. Houtsma
Keyword(s):  
Complex Tones

Tonotopic representation of missing fundamental complex sounds in the human auditory cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Fujioka ◽  
Bernhard Ross ◽  
Hidehiko Okamoto ◽  
Yasuyuki Takeshima ◽  
Ryusuke Kakigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Complex Sounds ◽  
Human Auditory Cortex ◽  
Missing Fundamental

Newborn Infants Detect Cues of Concurrent Sound Segregation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bendixen ◽  
Gábor P. Háden ◽  
Renáta Németh ◽  
Dávid Farkas ◽  
Miklós Török ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Veridical Perception ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Perceptual Object ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Sound Segregation ◽  
Complex Tones

Separating concurrent sounds is fundamental for a veridical perception of one's auditory surroundings. Sound components that are harmonically related and start at the same time are usually grouped into a common perceptual object, whereas components that are not in harmonic relation or have different onset times are more likely to be perceived in terms of separate objects. Here we tested whether neonates are able to pick up the cues supporting this sound organization principle. We presented newborn infants with a series of complex tones with their harmonics in tune (creating the percept of a unitary sound object) and with manipulated variants, which gave the impression of two concurrently active sound sources. The manipulated variant had either one mistuned partial (single-cue condition) or the onset of this mistuned partial was also delayed (double-cue condition). Tuned and manipulated sounds were presented in random order with equal probabilities. Recording the neonates' electroencephalographic responses allowed us to evaluate their processing of the sounds. Results show that, in both conditions, mistuned sounds elicited a negative displacement of the event-related potential (ERP) relative to tuned sounds from 360 to 400 ms after sound onset. The mistuning-related ERP component resembles the object-related negativity (ORN) component in adults, which is associated with concurrent sound segregation. Delayed onset additionally led to a negative displacement from 160 to 200 ms, which was probably more related to the physical parameters of the sounds than to their perceptual segregation. The elicitation of an ORN-like response in newborn infants suggests that neonates possess the basic capabilities of segregating concurrent sounds by detecting inharmonic relations between the co-occurring sounds.

Dynamic Pitch Perception for Complex Tones of Periodic Spectral Patterns

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Nakajima ◽  
Hiroyuki Minami ◽  
Takashi Tsumura ◽  
Hiroshi Kunisaki ◽  
Shigeki Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Logarithmic Frequency ◽  
Human Ear ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
Pitch Movement

Pitch circularity as found in Shepard tones was examined by using complex tones that had various degrees of exactness in their spectral periodicities on the logarithmic frequency dimension. This dimension was divided into periods of 1400 cents by tone components, and each period was subdivided into two parts of a fixed ratio of 700:700, 600:800, 550:850, 500:900, 450:950, 400:1000, or 0:1400. Subjects made paired comparison judgments for pitch. When the subdividing ratio was 0: 1400 or 400:1000, the subjects responded to the spectral periodicity of 1400 cents, and, when the ratio was 700:700 or 600:800, they responded to the periodicity of 700 cents. Some seemingly intermediate cases between these two extremes or some qualitatively different cases were obtained in the other conditions. As we have asserted before, the human ear appears to detect a global pitch movement when some tone components move in the same direction by similar degrees on the logarithmic frequency dimension.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document