Factors affecting the duration effect in pitch perception for unresolved complex tones

Pitch circularity as found in Shepard tones was examined by using complex tones that had various degrees of exactness in their spectral periodicities on the logarithmic frequency dimension. This dimension was divided into periods of 1400 cents by tone components, and each period was subdivided into two parts of a fixed ratio of 700:700, 600:800, 550:850, 500:900, 450:950, 400:1000, or 0:1400. Subjects made paired comparison judgments for pitch. When the subdividing ratio was 0: 1400 or 400:1000, the subjects responded to the spectral periodicity of 1400 cents, and, when the ratio was 700:700 or 600:800, they responded to the periodicity of 700 cents. Some seemingly intermediate cases between these two extremes or some qualitatively different cases were obtained in the other conditions. As we have asserted before, the human ear appears to detect a global pitch movement when some tone components move in the same direction by similar degrees on the logarithmic frequency dimension.

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Pitch perception of complex tones within and across ears and frequency regions

Auditory Signal Processing ◽

10.1007/0-387-27045-0_16 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 126-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrew J. Oxenham ◽

Joshua G. Bernstein ◽

Christophe Micheyl

Keyword(s):

Pitch Perception ◽

Complex Tones

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Rabbits use both spectral and temporal cues to discriminate the fundamental frequency of harmonic complexes with missing fundamentals

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00366.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph D Wagner ◽

Alice Gelman ◽

Kenneth E. Hancock ◽

Yoojin Chung ◽

Bertrand Delgutte

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Human Performance ◽

Spectral Composition ◽

Pitch Perception ◽

Wide Frequency Range ◽

Spatial Gradient ◽

Harmonic Complex ◽

Complex Tones ◽

Behavioral Paradigm ◽

Animal Vocalizations

The pitch of harmonic complex tones (HCT) common in speech, music and animal vocalizations plays a key role in the perceptual organization of sound. Unraveling the neural mechanisms of pitch perception requires animal models but little is known about complex pitch perception by animals, and some species appear to use different pitch mechanisms than humans. Here, we tested rabbits' ability to discriminate the fundamental frequency (F0) of HCTs with missing fundamentals using a behavioral paradigm inspired by foraging behavior in which rabbits learned to harness a spatial gradient in F0 to find the location of a virtual target within a room for a food reward. Rabbits were initially trained to discriminate HCTs with F0s in the range 400-800 Hz and with harmonics covering a wide frequency range (800-16,000 Hz), and then tested with stimuli differing either in spectral composition to test the role of harmonic resolvability (Experiment 1), or in F0 range (Experiment 2), or both F0 and spectral content (Experiment 3). Together, these experiments show that rabbits can discriminate HCTs over a wide F0 range (200-1600 Hz) encompassing the range of conspecific vocalizations, and can use either the spectral pattern of harmonics resolved by the cochlea for higher F0s or temporal envelope cues resulting from interaction between unresolved harmonics for lower F0s. The qualitative similarity of these results to human performance supports using rabbits as an animal model for studies of pitch mechanisms providing species differences in cochlear frequency selectivity and F0 range of vocalizations are taken into account.

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A Comprehensive Analysis of the Fiber Laser Application in Cleaning Process of Corrosion Layers for Iron-Based Samples

Volume 2: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions; Renewable Energy: Solar and Wind; Inlets and Exhausts; Emerging Technologies: Hybrid Electric Propulsion and Alternate Power Generation; GT Operation and Maintenance; Materials and Manufacturing (Including Coatings, Composites, CMCs, Additive Manufacturing); Analytics and Digital Solutions for Gas Turbines/Rotating Machinery ◽

10.1115/gtindia2019-2404 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mayur Shelar ◽

Kaushik Bawankar ◽

Shailesh Madake ◽

P. R. Dhamangaonkar

Keyword(s):

Fiber Laser ◽

Focal Length ◽

Laser System ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Complex Surface ◽

Laser Cleaning ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Graphic Editor ◽

Duration Effect

Abstract This paper describes the comprehensive review of the gradual layer removal of reactive corrosion products from Iron sample to establish the methodology for less intrusive and exacting laser cleaning approach. Effects of laser radiation on substrate, factors affecting the efficiency of graffiti removal and laser parameters such as wavelength, focal length, pulse duration effect, speed, power constant, line space and laser pattern are investigated. Nano-second pulse fiber laser, operating in the near-IR at a wavelength of 1064 nm and power capacity of 30W was used in the study. The laser system was coupled via computer with EzCAD 2.9.9 UNI, a vector graphic editor, with a CAD-like capability that enables users to perform rapid, precise and complex surface scanning treatments in a repeatable way. A series of laser cleaning studies has been performed on corroded iron reference samples along with analyzing the effects of various parameter changes on the corroded surface using Alicona 3-D surface analyzer. Chemical composition, microscopic analysis and oxide content test for the various layers of sample is been determined with SEM. The results obtained from various tests are providing reliable base to understand laser cleaning mechanism and their effect on different laser characteristics.

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Left ear advantage in pitch perception of complex tones without energy at the fundamental frequency

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/0028-3932(95)00095-x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 153-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Claude Paquette ◽

Michelle Bourassa ◽

Isabelle Peretz

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Pitch Perception ◽

Complex Tones ◽

Ear Advantage

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Pitch perception of complex tones and human temporal‐lobe function

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.396834 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 566-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 206

Author(s):

Robert J. Zatorre

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Pitch Perception ◽

Complex Tones ◽

Human Temporal Lobe

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Perception of Iterated Rippled Noise Periodicity in Cochlear Implant Users

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000478649 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 104-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luise Wagner ◽

Stefan K. Plontke ◽

Torsten Rahne

Keyword(s):

Objective Measure ◽

Difference Limen ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Pitch Perception ◽

Harmonic Complex ◽

Pitch Matching ◽

Complex Tones ◽

The Difference ◽

Single Sided Deafness ◽

Onset Response

Pitch perception is more challenging for individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) than normal-hearing subjects because the signal processing by CIs is restricted. Processing and perceiving the periodicity of signals may contribute to pitch perception. Whether individuals with CIs can discern pitch within an iterated rippled noise (IRN) signal is still unclear. In a prospective controlled psychoacoustic study with 34 CI users and 15 normal-hearing control subjects, the difference limen between IRN signals with different numbers of iterations was measured. In 7 CI users and 15 normal-hearing control listeners with single-sided deafness, pitch matching between IRN and harmonic complex tones was measured. The pitch onset response (POR) following signal changes from white noise to IRN was measured electrophysiologically. The CI users could discriminate different numbers of iteration in IRN signals, but worse than normal-hearing listeners. A POR was measured for both normal-hearing subjects and CI users increasing with the pitch salience of the IRN. This indicates that the POR could serve as an objective measure to monitor progress during audioverbal therapy after CI surgery.

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