Dominance of missing fundamental versus spectrally cued pitch: Individual differences for complex tones with unresolved harmonics

2004 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 2257-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco Renken ◽  
J. Esther C. Wiersinga-Post ◽  
Sonja Tomaskovic ◽  
Hendrikus Duifhuis
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Missing Fundamental

Correspondence in Perception of the Tritone Paradox and Perfect-Fifth/Perfect-Fourth Intervals

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-406
Author(s):  
Frank Ragozzine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Pitch Height ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Tritone Paradox ◽  
Related Complex

Shepard (1964) found that the pitch height of a pair of octave-related complex tones is perceived in accordance with the principle of proximity around a pitch class circle. However, when these tones form a tritone interval, proximity cannot be used. In the tritone paradox, Deutsch (1986) found that listeners perceive these tones such that half of the pitch class circle is heard as higher in pitch, and the opposite half as lower, with individual differences in which half is heard as higher. In the present experiments, listeners judged the height of octave-related complexes forming tritones and forming intervals of perfect fifths (P5) and perfect fourths (P4). There was a strong relationship between the pitch classes heard higher in the tritone paradox and those heard higher when presented with P5/P4 intervals. Rather than using proximity to judge pitch height with P5/P4 intervals, listeners instead use the same mechanism involved in perception of the tritone paradox.

scholarly journals Patterns of individual differences in the perception of missing-fundamental tones.

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Robert Ladd ◽  
Rory Turnbull ◽  
Charlotte Browne ◽  
Catherine Caldwell-Harris ◽  
Lesya Ganushchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Missing Fundamental

scholarly journals Pitch of Complex Tones: Rate-Place and Interspike Interval Representations in the Auditory Nerve

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cedolin ◽  
Bertrand Delgutte
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Interval Representations ◽  
Missing Fundamental

Harmonic complex tones elicit a pitch sensation at their fundamental frequency (F0), even when their spectrum contains no energy at F0, a phenomenon known as “pitch of the missing fundamental.” The strength of this pitch percept depends upon the degree to which individual harmonics are spaced sufficiently apart to be “resolved” by the mechanical frequency analysis in the cochlea. We investigated the resolvability of harmonics of missing-fundamental complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) of anesthetized cats at low and moderate stimulus levels and compared the effectiveness of two representations of pitch over a much wider range of F0s (110–3,520 Hz) than in previous studies. We found that individual harmonics are increasingly well resolved in rate responses of AN fibers as the characteristic frequency (CF) increases. We obtained rate-based estimates of pitch dependent upon harmonic resolvability by matching harmonic templates to profiles of average discharge rate against CF. These estimates were most accurate for F0s above 400–500 Hz, where harmonics were sufficiently resolved. We also derived pitch estimates from all-order interspike-interval distributions, pooled over our entire sample of fibers. Such interval-based pitch estimates, which are dependent on phase-locking to the harmonics, were accurate for F0s below 1,300 Hz, consistent with the upper limit of the pitch of the missing fundamental in humans. The two pitch representations are complementary with respect to the F0 range over which they are effective; however, neither is entirely satisfactory in accounting for human psychophysical data.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document